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The role of low serotonin, low vitamin B6 and low iron in anxiety and panic attacks

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Low serotonin can cause anxiety and panic attacks. Because vitamin B6 and iron are required raw materials for making serotonin, we know that low levels of these two nutrients often contribute to anxiety and panic attacks.

We have some pretty recent research supporting all this: Low serum concentrations of vitamin B6 and iron are related to panic attack and hyperventilation attack

Reduced serotonin level is known as one of the causes of panic attacks and hyperventilation attacks ….

In the serotonin synthesis system of the brain, vitamin B6 is a coenzyme for tryptophan hydroxylase, which is involved in the conversion of tryptophan into 5-hydroxytryptophan and iron serves as a cofactor for aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase involved in the formation of serotonin from 5-hydroxytryptophan. Therefore, a reduction in vitamin B6 and iron levels can suppress the progression of the serotonin synthesis.

The study authors measured serum levels of vitamins B2, B6, and B12 and iron in 21 premenopausal women who had been admitted to the emergency room with panic attacks.

The results were compared with lab values from 20 volunteers, also premenopausal women, and this is what they reported:

We found that both vitamin B6 and iron levels were significantly lower in the panic attack/hyperventilation attack group than in the volunteer group. There was no significant difference in the serum levels of vitamins B2 or B12.

These results suggest that low serum concentrations of vitamin B6 and iron are involved in panic attacks and hyperventilation attacks.

This certainly confirms what I see with my clients. When I’m working with someone with anxiety, we always assess for low serotonin, low iron and low vitamin B6 levels, and when we address low levels we almost always see improvements – both in the reduction of anxiety and panic attacks. We’ll often see a mood boost too, sleep improvements and a reduction in carb cravings.

Here are some additional factors to consider:

  • Vitamin B6 can be challenging to measure in serum so I like to also use the pyroluria questionnaire and poor dream recall as a clue. The authors mention that serum pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) is often used as an indication of B6 status, however they opted to use pyridoxal (PAL) after conversion from PLP.
  • Supplementing with vitamin B6 can often lead to some improvements in a few weeks with many folks who have pyroluria reporting feeling less anxious and more social within a week.
  • There is the potential for vitamin B6 toxicity. I have yet to see any signs of toxicity in my clients, but I have also not ever recommended more than 500mg/day. However, there are some individuals who have issues with very small amounts of vitamin B6. Unfortunately, I do not know why this happens.
  • Testing ferritin levels are an excellent way to assess iron levels and iron should never be supplemented unless iron is low. Dr. Izabella Wentz, shares in her book Hashimoto’s Protocol and blog that the optimal ferritin level for thyroid function is between 90-110 ng/m. Addressing low iron levels can take awhile to see a shift in labs.
  • Because zinc and magnesium are also cofactors for making serotonin, low levels may also need to be addressed. I would have loved to see these included in this study,
  • As always, we assess for low serotonin levels using the amino acid questionnaire and start on tryptophan or 5-HTP right away, based on doing trials – so we can see anxiety reduction and relief from panic attacks right away, while the other changes are starting to provide the raw materials for serotonin production.

Keep in mind that low serotonin and low iron and/or low vitamin B6 – although very common with anxiety and panic attacks – are not the only root cause and many other factors may also need to be addressed.

We’d love to hear if addressing low iron and/or low vitamin B6 levels have helped you? Did you use tryptophan and/or 5-HTP at the same time?

If you’re a practitioner, are often do you see low iron and/or low vitamin B6 in your anxious clients/patients?

I wake in the middle of the night with a jolt of fear, feelings of dread or feeling depressed

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Waking in the night feeling anxious and with a jolt of fear, having a panic attack, experiencing feelings of impending doom, with a pounding heart and even feeling depressed is a common issue I see with clients and it’s a common question that I’m often asked on my blog and on Facebook.

Here is a typical question you may relate to:

I usually wake between 5-6 am and have this overwhelming feeling of dread and start thinking of all the things I have to get done. And then I can’t fall back asleep. What is this?

Or this one:

Does anyone have severe depression when waking up in the middle of the night, but never during the day or before falling asleep. It doesn’t go away until after I’m fully awake and upright in the morning.

Low serotonin?

Serotonin is known to dip later in the day and at night and we know low serotonin can cause depression and insomnia/waking in the night, so my first thought would be to assess for low serotonin and address this if it is the case. I use the questionnaire and trial method.

I always start with tryptophan, but may switch to 5-HTP if that’s not working as expected as some people do better on one versus the other. We add melatonin if the tryptophan or 5-HTP isn’t quite enough to help with the waking.

There are many possible causes of low serotonin so over the course of the next few months these will be addressed too, on a case by case basis. Some of the causes in include: a poor diet, low stomach acid, malabsorption, low zinc, low B6, low iron, low magnesium, dysbiosis and/or parasites and/or candida, the birth control pill, MTHFR defects (with this defect expressing) etc.

Low GABA?

Low GABA levels may be a factor too as this can contribute to insomnia and waking, especially when there is physical tension. New research reports GABA’s involvement in unwanted thoughts and it’s a common factor in my community and clients. Again, I use the questionnaire and trial method to find the ideal amount of GABA for each person.

High cortisol?

High cortisol in the night can also be a factor and I suspect this when someone says they wake with a jolt of fear or feels what they describe as an adrenalin rush. Saliva testing can confirm cortisol levels and Seriphos is the best product I’ve found to lower high cortisol. Addressing low blood sugar and finding the root cause of the adrenal issues are also key. General adrenal support with B vitamins and adaptogenic herbs are often needed too.

Hormone imbalances and/or PMS?

Here is another typical question you may relate to:

I’ve had the worst week regards 3am panic attacks, lurid dreams and wake up aching. It always feels like the end of the world and yet I get up and stagger out to do my morning routines and all is right with the world (apart from physical aches and pains). I have often had bouts of this. It’s a week to go until my period.

If the anxiety or panic attacks are cyclical and tied to your menstrual cycle I will still start with a trial of tryptophan which has been shown to help PMS, tension, depression and mood swings. Serotonin support also helps with fibromyalgia-type aches and pains.

A trial of GABA is often needed too and can help with alleviating the panic attacks, waking and some of the aches. Other factors like a gluten sensitivities, adrenal issues and high oxalates may also play a role in physical aches.

Lurid dreams clues me into the possibility of low vitamin B6, which is an important co-factor for making both GABA and serotonin, as well as being important for alleviating PMS symptoms and the social anxiety condition called pyroluria. The pyroluria protocol, with vitamin B6, zinc and evening primrose oil, helps both the social anxiety as well as PMS symptoms and insomnia.

Address the basics

You may be looking for the perfect supplement to help and while the amino acids come pretty close to being that, it goes without saying that you want to always address the basics. This means making sure you are eating a real whole food diet with quality animal protein and getting that animal protein at breakfast in order to balance blood sugar. The following needs to be eliminated too: caffeine, gluten and sugar. Some individuals do even better on a ketogenic diet.

Looking at sleep hygiene factors fall under the basics too: a dark, cool and quiet room, no PC or iPhone late at night, no iPhone or other EMF sources close by, sunlight exposure in the early morning etc.

And we mustn’t forget stress reduction, exercise and nature.

Address other bigger issues

Medication side-effects must always be considered. Here are a few examples:

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis must also always be considered especially when there are fluctuations in mood, anxiety and sleep. These fluctuations in mood and anxiety can happen at any time of the day and not necessarily in the night.

If the insomnia and middle of the night anxiety and depression persists we continue to dig and look at dietary histamine and oxalate issues, SIBO, parasites and other digestive issues.

If we are still not seeing all the expected results then a referral for Lyme disease, mold toxicity, sleep apnea, TBI (traumatic brain injury) and heavy metals may be needed.  Current or past  trauma and support for PTSD must also be considered – this can be therapy-based and nutritional support.

My checklist

My checklist when I start when working with someone with issues similar to the above. This will be tweaked based on each person’s own biochemistry and where they are in terms of diet, supplements and lifestyle:

  • Low serotonin? Do a tryptophan or 5-HTP trial
  • Low melatonin? If tryptophan or 5-HTP trial isn’t quite enough then add melatonin
  • Low GABA? Do a GABA trial
  • Low blood sugar? Add quality protein at breakfast, plus glutamine
  • High cortisol? Support the adrenals and use Seriphos or something else to lower the high cortisol
  • PMS/sex hormone imbalances or Hashimoto’s? Address with diet, nutrients and hormone support as needed
  • Low magnesium, low zinc, low B6, low iron? Assess for these deficiencies and address them
  • Gut health issues like leaky gut, dysbiosis, candida, parasites, SIBO? Address these issues
  • Histamine, oxalate or other dietary issues? Address these issues
  • Medication side-effects? Figure out which one is an issue and work with the doctor to taper if needed and address why the medication was initially prescribed.
  • If the issue persists – a referral for Lyme disease, mold, sleep apnea and/or heavy metals etc

As you can see there are many overlaps with some of the 60+ root causes of anxiety.

Here is additional information on tryptophan for low serotonin, GABA for low GABA and glutamine for low blood sugar, plus the list of supplements I use with clients.

As always, if the amino acids are new to you, review the precautions and be smart about using them. My book The Antianxiety Food Solution (Amazon affiliate link) has an entire chapter on the amino acids, plus chapters on diet, gut health, caffeine, blood sugar and more.

We’d love to hear which of the above approaches have helped with your insomnia and waking with a jolt of fear or dread or pounding heart.

Is the term ‘broken brain’ hopeful and real or too negative and scary?

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If you experience anxiety, panic attacks, depression, memory or cognitive issues, ADHD or poor focus and someone suggests you may be suffering from a broken brain are you intrigued and hopeful that something that is broken can now be fixed OR do you consider the term broken brain too negative and scary?

I received this feedback from someone in my community when I shared my recent Broken Brain interview with Dr. Mark Hyman:

I’m looking forward to seeing the [Broken Brain] documentaries however I dislike the title. Everything that you say and think is affecting your brain. For me Broken is not a word with healing potencies but suggests that is something very bad happening in the brain. And maybe that is the case, but how we interpret our symptoms is very crucial for healing. In my opinion it could be Healing the Brain or something like that. I think is very important that the title implies positivity not fear!

I shared this feedback with her: “Thanks for sharing – you’re the 4th person in a day to say this. Prior to your feedback and hearing from 3 mental health colleagues earlier today I had not considered the name would invoke negativity and fear. One of my mental health colleagues shared with me that “referring to people as ‘broken’ is really stigmatizing and inappropriate.”

My thinking is that just like a leg is broken, the brain can be broken and can just as easily be fixed when we address the root causes. I’ve also watched the series (during the test run late last year) and have seen the wisdom, caring and compassion of the experts and Dr. Hyman, as well as the solutions and message of hope. I suspect that has swayed my opinion too. But I do see your point on being positive and solution-oriented without the fear aspect.”

What do you think?

It’s important that I serve my community well – and that’s you! If something concerns you I want to know so I can address it.  I also want you to know that I’m offering solutions hope and not wanting to create fear and negativity, so I posed this question on Facebook (together with the above feedback from the blog):

I’d love to hear your thoughts on the title of Dr. Hyman’s new Broken Brain docu-series?

What do you think? Good title? Bad title? And why?

The positive feedback: enlightening, fixable, hopeful

The majority of responses were positive feedback. Here are many of them:

  • Mary Anne McEvoy: I rather like the title. When I read the word “Broken” it brought my awareness to: “WOW – the brain can actually get ‘broken’!” I want to see the docu-series because of the word broken.
  • Cathcart Louque: I don’t mind the title at all. I work in mental health (as a Care Manger for a non-profit mental health organization helping low income people) and see “broken brains” everyday which could be so much better by diet, exercise, meditation etc. I wish something would shake people up into wanting to have better brain health. Dementia and Alzheimer’s can be at work ten, twenty, thirty years before it manifests but people continue to make bad choices. I hope his videos will bring enlightenment to many and more will be proactive! Me included 😀! Daily healthy choices are not always the easiest but boy it’s so worth it.
  • Susan McDuffie: This title may really speak to those who feel in dire straits. ‘Have tried everything, read everything, and still struggle.’ Sometimes it’s the darker words that actually resonate with people.
  • Wyndie: I’m not afraid of the word broken – it’s true. Some things break. But broken things can be fixed. When I hear that title, I don’t hear negative, I hear reality.
  • Holly Higgins, NTP: I love the title. It’s catchy, alliterative, and it’s the exact words that so many of my clients use to describe how they feel. I’ve heard this phrase over and over by people who feel like they’ve been harmed by psychiatry or have never felt like their brain was working right. We are all going to have different reactions. It’s clear from the content of the series and the character of the people involved that this was not meant to be offensive.
  • Marthe: I actually liked the title. I thought it was powerful and, to me, it inferred that brain issues are becoming common occurrences and that there are ways to heal.
  • Leslie Montano: It’s just a title. I like the alliteration. It’s catchy, easy to remember, and certainly effective in that way for marketing. It not stigmatizing, it is not directly calling any person broken, it is speaking about a part of the body generally. Things that are broken can be repaired. There is hope. And personally, 2 years ago before I fixed my diet and lifestyle, I felt broken. Broken brain explains EXACTLY what was going on and how I was feeling.
  • Sharleen McDowall: As a psychologist, I like the title. I see the title the same way you do – just like a broken leg. I think the title conveys a strong message and it is needed to spark the conversation about how we are treating our brains. Also, Dr. Hyman’s message focuses on how the broken brain can be healed which is very positive.
  • Lee Ann Foster: First of all, it’s a good, empowering series giving people a lot of useful and hope-inspiring information to care for their brain related issues. Secondly, as a 30-year old functional neuropsychology practice, Neurosource, in which we get to root issues and help re-regulate brain function through evidence based technologies and lifestyle interventions, we find that many people are relieved when we show them through 3-D neuroimaging how their brain is dysregulated – or one could say broken. We find people feel hopeful when they see their issues are physiological in nature (and can be helped), versus giving them stigmatized and often inaccurate or unhelpful mental health diagnostic labels that mean very little aside from labeling for insurance and pharmaceutical purposes. Just my two cents.
  • Pierce: For me the first step in healing is acknowledging that I’m broken at the moment. Then I focus on moving forward and healing for the long term.
  • Deena Louise: My son has tuberous sclerosis that has left him severely disabled with autism, MR and uncontrolled epilepsy….when my daughter, who is younger than him by 6 years, was able to understand that he was “different” than neurotypical people, she asked what was wrong with him….why didn’t he talk. She didn’t understand autism, so we just told her he had a broken brain. Some things can be fixed and some things can’t. She understood it when we said it that way. I think the title is fine…broken is just a word used to describe something that isn’t working right at the moment. Dealing with anxiety, menopause, insomnia and panic…my brain definitely feels broken! I can’t wait to watch the series, I don’t care what he calls it. I am grateful for all of these lovely functional medicine docs and scientists giving of their time and expertise to help so many.

The less than positive feedback: worthless, negative, insensitive

Three mental health professionals felt the term broken brain was stigmatizing but other than this, surprisingly few people had negative feedback. A few people resonated with words like repair or mend instead of broken, saying most people think of broken as worthless and negative, and can’t be fixed. One mom felt it was insensitive to the real struggles of depression and anxiety. Here are a few specific comments:

  • Donna: Broken brains aren’t as easily fixable as broken legs. Broken brain means Alzheimer’s or stroke or something equally scary to me. I think another word could have been used to get the point across…. whatever a broken but fixable brain is…
  • Missy Ruth: Our brains are not broken. They regenerate and grow and change and are incredible. However, they certainly can feel like they are not operating like we wish they would. Labeling the brain as “broken” is an example of inflammatory linguistics, and as human beings we create fear by using terms that exaggerate. We scare ourselves. Nobody’s brain is broken.

If you don’t like the term broken brain, I’m hoping you will get some inspiration and feel some level of comfort from the positive comments above and watch it anyway. You will see there are solutions, compassion and hope!

Also, many of my clients who use words like “negative, worthless, scary and fear”, do feel better when we look into low serotonin and address low levels with tryptophan or 5-HTP. Also, addressing gluten issues, poor gut health, low GABA, low zinc and so on – everything body-related that can affect the mind and brain. All of this is covered in the docuseries, other then the use of targeted amino acids, which I cover extensively in my book The Antianxiety Food Solution, in my newsletters and elsewhere on this blog.

An apology: integrity, compassion and hope

I really want to hear your thoughts but also want to offer Dr. Hyman’s apology if you are offended by the term broken brain. As soon as his team started getting feedback they issued this statement on his behalf:

Thank you for your comment. We completely understand what you are saying and we agree. So much of this docuseries is about Dr. Hyman’s personal health crisis and how he treated his own brain disorder. During this time Dr. Hyman felt like he had a broken brain. This is why we decided to call the title Broken Brain because the foundation of the series is about his personal journey. However, we do not think that everyone who is dealing with a brain disorder or a developmental disorder has a broken brain. We know that all individuals, including those with brain conditions, are fully complete people, each with their unique spirit. We hope that you’ll watch the series and understand that more than anything it’s about hope and about moving toward our best health!

I find this very thoughtful and it clearly reflects the level of his integrity and compassion.

In case you’re just hearing about the Broken Brain for the first time, here is the link to register for this 8-part docuseries and my highlights video interview with Dr. Hyman (together with the transcript)

So, what do YOU think? Is broken brain a good title or term? Or a bad title or term? And why?

(With appreciation if you already provided feedback and for giving me permission to share it here. This is a good discussion to have!)

How to Beat Anxiety and Resolve Panic Attacks with Targeted Amino Acids: Wellness Mama podcast

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Today I share my wonderful interview with Katie, the “Wellness Mama”. We talk about my favorite topic: How to Beat Anxiety and Resolve Panic Attacks with Targeted Amino Acids with some extra questions about pregnancy and nursing that I’m not often asked about. Katie is mom to 6 children and many in her community are moms too.

Here is some of what we cover in our interview:

  • nutritional deficiencies commonly linked to anxiety, depression, and other problems
  • my own story of recovery from severe panic attacks
  • why perfectionism and worry might have more to do with body chemistry than your personality
  • all about the key anti-anxiety amino acids: GABA, theanine, tryptophan, 5-HTP (and others)
  • how low vitamin D, low zinc, high copper, and other nutritional factors add to anxiety
  • the low zinc and high copper play a role in postpartum depression
  • the potential neurotransmitter issue that leads to cravings
  • biochemical reasons some people are introverted or socially anxious
  • guidance for pregnant moms who can’t take amino acids (and what to do if you’re nursing)
  • the way an MTHFR mutation is linked to anxiety and how to resolve it

Here is a snippet of our interview on the topic of how to assess for low neurotransmitters and do a trial of GABA or tryptophan, and how quickly they work:

Just like you test your vitamin D levels – that’ll tell you that you’ve got low levels and you need to supplement with vitamin D, then you’ll retest and see that your levels have come up. With the amino acids and the low neurotransmitters, I find using a questionnaire is the best way to assess the fact that you may have low GABA and you may have low serotonin. Then you do a trial of the amino acid based on your unique needs, and then you redo the questionnaire and you see how things have changed.

If you use these targeted individual amino acids based on your unique need, you can see results very quickly – within five minutes, and then over the course of the next few weeks you should be seeing results very quickly. Some people will say, “I’m not seeing any impact, should I keep trying, you know, how long should I be aiming for.” The thing that, about the amino is that are so amazing, is that you get results right away. If you don’t get results, it means it’s not enough or it means you don’t need it. The anxiety is not caused by low serotonin or low GABA.

I also talk about my personal experience with low serotonin and perfectionism:

I discovered low serotonin was a factor because although the GABA helped with the physical anxiety and the panic attacks, I still had this perfectionism issue. I remember working in that computer job and being called up to do an appraisal. And they told me I was too much of a perfectionist and I needed to let go a little bit. I couldn’t believe anyone could think that was a bad thing. So it was interesting how, as you start to implement some of these, you start to realize some of these other things that you may think is just a personality thing or it’s just me, it’s just the way I am – you realize that some of these things can be related to biochemical imbalances.

As I mention above Katie does ask me about using the amino acids during pregnancy and while nursing:

I don’t recommend anyone take them during pregnancy. It’s difficult advice for me to give because I know that there are so many issues with SSRIs during pregnancy. Because we don’t have the research, it’s not something that I can recommend. If you are prone to anxiety or you’ve had anxiety, get that sorted out before you get pregnant. I know, that’s easier said than done. A lot of women really want to get pregnant now or they are pregnant and then they realize that they’ve got the anxiety. So that’s a very difficult situation.

Once you’ve had the baby, if you are having really bad anxiety, obviously you’ve got to talk to your doctor and make sure that they are okay with you taking the amino acids right after nursing and then waiting four to six hours before nursing again. It is one way to do it. And then monitoring the baby to make sure that they are okay. There are actually two studies that came out recently showing that tryptophan and tyrosine, doesn’t seem to be an issue in breast milk.

You can listen to the entire interview (and download the interview mp3 file and read the transcript) via the Wellness Mama podcast #105 blog.

For additional information on products over and above those we covered in the interview here are some recent blogs:

Katie, is the “Wellness Mama” and her goal is to help other families live more naturally through practical tips, real food recipes, natural beauty and cleaning tutorials, natural remedies and more. Her blog is a wealth of information and if you don’t tune in to her podcasts and get her newsletter I encourage you to check her out.

Here are a few really good ones to get you started (although they really are all excellent!):

She shares this on her site: “my real goal with the blog is to help you and to create lasting changes so that our children can grow up in a better world.” I just love her mission and passion and all the very practical and safe solutions she offers!

The Antianxiety Food Solution: This Book Is a Total Game Changer!!

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I write multiple blogs each week and the website is a wealth of information (be sure to check the comments too – I love the community feedback and questions and learn so much from you!) BUT the foundation of all that I teach and how I work with my anxious clients is outlined in great detail in my book The Antianxiety Food Solution, so I recommend this essential reading to make the basic food changes (for some people that’s all they need to do), and before using any of the nutrients, and especially before using targeted individual amino acids.  

Valerie Gangason posted this wonderful review on Amazon recently: This Book Is a Total Game Changer!!

If you have anxiety, panic attacks or phobias, read this book. It’s an eye opener and a complete game changer. It pushed me to re-evaluate the way I eat and to make some serious shifts in my life. FYI-sugar is the devil

I love the comment about sugar being the devil and commend her for re-evaluating how she eats and for making those serious shifts. It’s how you get results and I ever get tired of feedback like this.

Grab your copy from Amazon here if you don’t yet have it. If you already have a copy I’d love a review on Amazon please! And if you have an older copy with no index you can grab a copy of the index here

Feel free to share your great results or ask questions in the comments.

Tryptophan and ascorbic acid for anxiety caused by lead toxicity

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lead-toxicity

Lead toxicity is a factor when it comes to anxiety, panic disorder, phobias and depression, even with low levels of lead exposure.

This 2010 paper, published in the Archives of General Psychiatry, Blood lead levels and major depressive disorder, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder in U.S. young adults reports the following:

In this sample of young adults with low levels of lead exposure, higher blood lead was associated with increased odds of major depression and panic disorder. Exposure to lead at levels generally considered safe could result in adverse mental health outcomes.

The paper discusses a possible mechanism of action i.e. lead disruption of neurotransmitter production (of the catecholamines and serotonin):

If lead exposure contributes to the etiology of these disorders, the mechanism of action could involve perturbation of neurochemistry, such as brain monoamine neurotransmission.

Lead exposure is known to disrupt catecholaminergic systems, and depression and anxiety disorders are strongly associated with disturbances in these systems.

Studies in animals show that chronic lead exposure can decrease serotoninergic activity in several brain regions including the nucleus accumbens, frontal cortex, and brainstem.

It is surprising that generalized anxiety disorder was not associated with increased lead levels in this study but other research does find anxiety correlations:

Addressing lead and other heavy metal toxicity is not to be taken lightly and can often be quite a lengthy process. Finding a knowledgeable practitioner who understands chelation is important. We covered much of this in my interview with Dr. John Dempster on season 4 of the Anxiety Summit – Anxiety and heavy metals: chelation of mercury and lead

The good news is that while you are working on lead detoxification there is promising research that supports what I see in my clients: using the amino acid tryptophan reduces and often completely eliminates anxiety, panic attacks and depression while you are dealing with other underlying issues. In this instance it’s the lead toxicity but it could also be Lyme disease or gluten sensitivity or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and many other conditions.

The animal study I’m referring to was published at University of Lagos paper in 2012: Neurobehavioural and neurotoxic effects of L-ascorbic acid and L-tryptophan in lead exposed rats and states that:

The sub-chronic exposure to lead decreased brain serotonin, while causing oxidative stress by decreasing reduced glutathione levels, antioxidant enzyme activity and increasing lipid peroxidation and brain protein contents.

Ascorbic acid attenuated [or reduced] both lead induced neuronal oxidative stress, and abnormalities in behaviour.

Tryptophan ameliorated [or improved] lead-altered neurobehaviour [such as anxiety and aggression].

Co-administration of ascorbic acid and tryptophan on lead exposed rats showed a reversal in all indices assessed towards the physiological state of control. This suggests that ascorbic and tryptophan can be used to compliment chelating therapy in lead neurotoxicity.

I don’t know if you can extrapolate the dosages from the rat to a human weight-wise but since I have a curious mind I did some calculations: it turns out that they used a rough equivalent of 2000mg of ascorbic acid and 1000mg of tryptophan for an adult human. The starting dose for tryptophan is typically 500mg, and less if you’re sensitive or a “pixie dust” person. I would start here and do an amino acid trial, increasing over a few weeks until anxiety symptoms start to resolve. You can read more about the amino acids process here

Have you used tryptophan (or other amino acids like GABA) to reduce or improve anxiety symptoms with success, while dealing with a bigger underlying issue such as lead toxicity?

If you’re a practitioner, have you helped your clients/patients with tryptophan while dealing with lead toxicity?