Diet

Transgenerational transmission of aspartame-induced anxiety and changes in glutamate-GABA signaling: a new study and solutions

January 13, 2023 By Trudy Scott 9 Comments

Do you drink diet sodas or use other sugar free products that contain aspartame? Or did you when you were younger? New research has found aspartame induces anxiety and fear via changes in glutamate-GABA signaling. What is even more concerning is that these effects are transgenerational, meaning you could be living with the anxiety-provoking effects of aspartame via the diet soda habits from your father and his father/your grandfather. This study found it impacts 2 generations via the paternal line but I suspect ongoing research may yet find impacts via your mother and grandmother too. Also, keep in mind, your current or prior use of aspartame is very likely going to impact your children and grandchildren. It’s an animal study but we don’t want to ignore yet another issue with artificial sweeteners.

The good news is that we can use the amino acid GABA to help counter the high glutamate and low GABA, and ease this physical anxiety this imbalance causes. And we can use GABA and glutamine and other amino acids to break the addiction to aspartame and other artificial sweeteners.

Here is the abstract of the paper – Transgenerational transmission of aspartame-induced anxiety and changes in glutamate-GABA signaling and gene expression in the amygdala

We report the effects of aspartame on anxiety-like behavior, neurotransmitter signaling and gene expression in the amygdala, a brain region associated with the regulation of anxiety and fear responses. C57BL/6 mice consumed drinking water containing 0.015% or 0.03% aspartame, a dose equivalent of 8 to 15% of the FDA recommended maximum human daily intake, or plain drinking water. Robust anxiety-like behavior (evaluated using open field test and elevated zero maze) was observed in male and female mice consuming the aspartame-containing water. Diazepam, an allosteric modulator of the GABA-A receptor, alleviated the anxiety-like behavior. RNA sequencing of the amygdala followed by KEGG biological pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes showed glutamatergic and GABAergic synapse pathways as significantly enriched. Quantitative PCR showed upregulation of mRNA for the glutamate NMDA receptor subunit 2D (Grin2d) and metabotropic receptor 4 (Grm4) and downregulation of the GABA-A receptor associated protein (Gabarap) mRNA. Thus, taken together, our diazepam and gene expression data show that aspartame consumption shifted the excitation-inhibition equilibrium in the amygdala toward excitation. Even more strikingly, the anxiety-like behavior, its response to diazepam, and changes in amygdala gene expression were transmitted to male and female offspring in two generations descending from the aspartame-exposed males. Extrapolation of the findings to humans suggests that aspartame consumption at doses below the FDA recommended maximum daily intake may produce neurobehavioral changes in aspartame-consuming individuals and their descendants. Thus, human population at risk of aspartame’s potential mental health effects may be larger than current expectations, which only include aspartame-consuming individuals.

A few notes to highlight:

Aspartame caused anxiety in both male and female mice but the intergenerational effects were along the paternal line i.e.“the anxiety phenotype, its response to diazepam, and changes in amygdala gene expression were transmitted from the aspartame-exposed male founders to their descendants.”
These effects were caused by the equivalent to 2–4 small /8 oz/ 240 ml cans of aspartame-sweetened diet soda.
The anxiety-inducing effects of aspartame in humans are potentially far more widespread than what is currently known

There is still no consensus on adverse effects

The paper also highlights a very concerning aspect: there is still no consensus on aspartame’s effects on brain monoamine content (serotonin and the catecholamines dopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline) or behaviors such as memory, depression and anxiety. Despite much research, consensus is also still lacking on aspartame’s carcinogenic or cancer-causing effects and the impacts on weight-gain and obesity, and the bad effects on the microbiome.

In fact, “the US government policy and publications indicate that aspartame is safe when consumed within FDA recommended maximum daily intake value of 50 mg/kg.” In this study it was much less than the maximum i.e. the equivalence of just “8 to 15% of the FDA recommended maximum human daily intake” caused the above anxiety and intergenerational effects.

This paper is adding to the body of knowledge but if you’re still consuming aspartame it is time to make your own decisions and quit. This is often easier said than done and I address this below.

GABA and other amino acids as a solution for your diet soda addiction

I address the addictive nature of diet soda in this blog: I need help with my Diet Coke addiction – when I stop, my fatigue, brain fog, anxiety/depression increase big time!

I need help with my Diet Coke addiction. I have been using it for 35 years and I am too appalled to tell you how much I drink.

I have tried to quit many times and ended up in utter failure. When I stop, my fatigue, brain fog, anxiety/depression increase big time. I know this drink is literally killing my health and I am desperate for some answers, suggestions….or a miracle.

Kevin shares this in the comments: “I was VERY addicted to diet coke and Pepsi. I found oxycontin and morphine easier to quit.” And Karen shares this: “I can relate to a Coke/Pepsi (diet and/or regular) addiction because I drank 3 every day, Monday-Friday for years. For me, that first sip in the morning was my “hit” in the morning for this teetotaler.”

When it comes to using amino acids to help break the addiction, pretty much everything I write about in relation to sugar addiction or cravings would also apply to quitting Diet Coke or other diet sodas. You need to figure out what emotions are driving your addiction and use the respective amino acid supplement/s (one or more of them) to help break the addiction and improve your anxiety and mood symptoms at the same time.

This could be glutamine if you drink it when your blood sugar is low and crave the sweet taste, GABA if you drink it when stressed, tryptophan or 5-HTP if you drink it later in the day in order to feel happy, DPA if it’s your reward and tyrosine if it gives you a mood and energy boost. It’s all explained in the above blog post.

The amino acids ease alcohol withdrawal symptoms too. I share a study in this blog – An amino acid supplement with DLPA, glutamine and 5-HTP eases alcohol withdrawal symptoms at an inpatient detoxification program – and practical solutions using these amino acids. Read this and simply substitute alcohol with diet soda. And keep in mind it’s always an individualized approach based on each person’s needs, for endorphin and dopamine support (from the DLPA), blood sugar support (from glutamine) and serotonin support (from 5-HTP).

GABA as a solution for the physical anxiety symptoms

In this study the mice responded well to diazepam, a benzodiazepine prescribed for anxiety. However, given the many issues with long-term benzo use, the amino acid GABA, used as a supplement is a safer choice. It also addresses the root cause of low GABA and high glutamate.

The FDA approved aspartame as a nutritive sweetener in 1981 and for use in carbonated beverages in 1983 so I don’t have the intergenerational impacts. I drank Tab in my early 20s and it contained aspartame for a short time. It was very likely part of the perfect storm of factors that contributed to my anxiety. GABA was a life-saver for me.

Here are a few blog posts on using GABA for easing physical anxiety and fears:

Be sure to use the search feature to find other similar articles on the blog.

Resources if you are new to using amino acids as supplements

If you are new to using GABA or any of the other amino acids as supplements, here is the Amino Acids Mood Questionnaire from The Antianxiety Food Solution (you can see all the symptoms of neurotransmitter imbalances, including low GABA and low serotonin).

If you suspect low levels of any of the neurotransmitters and do not yet have my book, The Antianxiety Food Solution – How the Foods You Eat Can Help You Calm Your Anxious Mind, Improve Your Mood, and End Cravings, I highly recommend getting it and reading it before jumping in and using amino acids on your own so you are knowledgeable. And be sure to share it with the practitioner/health team you or your loved one is working with.

There is an entire chapter on the amino acids and they are discussed throughout the book in the sections on gut health, gluten, blood sugar control, sugar cravings, self-medicating with alcohol and more.

The book doesn’t include product names (per the publisher’s request) so this blog, The Antianxiety Food Solution Amino Acid and Pyroluria Supplements, lists the amino acids that I use with my individual clients and those in my group programs. You can find them all in my online store.

If, after reading this blog and my book, you don’t feel comfortable figuring things out on your own (i.e. doing the symptoms questionnaire and respective amino acids trials), a good place to get help is the GABA QuickStart Program (if you have low GABA symptoms). This is a paid online/virtual group program where you get my guidance and community support.

If you are a practitioner, join us in The Balancing Neurotransmitters: the Fundamentals program. This is also a paid online/virtual program with an opportunity to interact with me and other practitioners who are also using the amino acids.

Did you drink diet sodas in the past or do you still consume them or other products that contain aspartame?

Do you suspect they may be one root cause of your anxiety? And has stopping helped?

Did GABA help ease your anxiety and fear? And help with breaking the addiction and quitting? What about other amino acids like tyrosine, glutamine, tryptophan/5-HTP or DPA (d-phenylalanine)?

What about suspected intergenerational impacts from your parents and grandparents?

Feel free to post your questions and feedback in the comments below.

Too much GABA causes a tingling niacin-like flush sensation (in the brain and body). It’s awful and very uncomfortable!

February 18, 2022 By Trudy Scott 104 Comments

GABA, used as an amino acid, helps to raise GABA levels and ease physical tension-type anxiety. There are many misunderstandings on the best and most effective ways to use GABA and this can lead to unpleasant symptoms. One common thing I see is that too much GABA causes the brain and body to react with a tingling niacin-like flush sensation that is very uncomfortable and often described as awful.

Too many people stop using GABA for this reason. And then they lose out on the wonderful calming benefits of this amino acid. Some folks actually push through and continue with the unpleasant tingling sensation because they don’t know better and because they are also getting some of the calming benefits of GABA (I share an example of this below). Neither situation is ideal.

I recently received a GABA question on the blog on this very topic. It was from a licensed acupuncturist in California, USA (let’s call her Dr. M):

When I used to take GABA for my stress, my body/brain reacted with a tingling sensation.

It was so awkward and uncomfortable.

I thought it was only me, but when I prescribed GABA to my patients, they also felt the same sensations.

Can you tell me why this reaction occurred?

Thank you so much for your generosity and deep research.

Because this is such a common question that I get, I’m sharing it and my responses to use it as a teaching opportunity.

Too much GABA can cause this uncomfortable tingling niacin-like flush or sensation

I responded sharing that it can happen when too much GABA is used or if GABA is not needed. I typically hear of this happening when 500mg to 750mg is used to start. It’s also often described as a niacin-like flush. With GABA, 125mg is a typical starting dose and it’s always used as a sublingual or capsule opened onto the tongue. We slowly go up from there based on symptoms and the final dose is unique to each person’s needs. You may end up using 500mg or more but it’s a slow approach to get there.

I asked Dr. M to share which product/s she used, the dosing and let me know if she does better with a lower dose.

As expected she was using too high a dose (and hadn’t done a trial of a lower dose). She responded with this feedback:

The GABA I used for me and my patients is from Pure Encapsulations. This GABA contains 700 mg per capsule, which may be too much for the start.

Which brand would you recommend for practitioner use?

I responded by confirming that 700 mg GABA is way too much to start for most people.

What product and how much to use instead of 700 mg GABA

I like the Pure Encapsulations product but I actually feel the companies are partially at fault for having such high dose products, stating “1 capsule daily, between meals, or as directed by a health professional” on the label, and not educating practitioners and consumers about this issue.

With a product like this I have clients open up the capsule and start with 125 mg GABA powder on the tongue and increase from there as needed.

I also shared the other GABA products I use in case she would prefer to try something like the Source Naturals GABA Calm product I frequently use with clients.

This is a lozenge that contains 125 mg GABA, 5 mg magnesium, 50 mg glycine, 25 mg tyrosine and 20 mg taurine. This is my most popular and most effective form of GABA I use with my clients. [Note: this product is a lozenge with 125mg GABA and is not to be confused with the Source Naturals, GABA Calm Mind, 750 mg tablets]

I’m waiting for feedback from her to hear how using less of the 700 mg GABA (opened up and divided out) or how using another GABA product works for her and her patients.

I do appreciate Dr. M for asking a tough question like this and being open to me sharing so everyone gets to learn.

Where did Dr. M learn about GABA and some resources for additional practitioner education

I did ask Dr. M where she learned about using GABA and if the recommendation was to use a high dose like this. I’m genuinely curious to know so I can help guide further education in the use of GABA.

Of course, I encouraged her to get my book “The Antianxiety Food Solution” and read the chapter on the amino acids. And to consider signing up for the amino acid training for practitioners. There are many nuances and best practices when using the amino acids. And it’s an opportunity to interact with me and other practitioners who are also using the amino acids.

If you’re a practitioner, I’m hoping this question, my feedback and these resources are helpful for you.

Similar niacin-like flush experienced by Holly

As mentioned above this is a very common issue because most GABA products are 500mg and up and folks hear how amazing GABA is for physical anxiety and use a high dose without understanding they need to start low and use only what they need.

I shared my discussion with Dr. M in a Facebook post and Holly responded with what happened to her when she switched from GABA Calm (which has 125 mg GABA) to a 750 mg GABA product:

I experienced the niacin-like flush when I tried to go from GABA Calm [mostly dissolved in my mouth] to a pill form and didn’t realize the dosage would be way too high all at one time. The pill was 750 mg GABA [and swallowed with food], so it wasn’t going to work well anyway.

The flush lasted about 15-20 minutes. It was awful. I was sure I was going to throw up every time.

It took me a couple of weeks to figure out the cause. My therapist recommended your website and book and those helped me understand when to take it and why it would help.

When I eliminated the 750 mg GABA pill the symptoms completely went away.

Now I stick to GABA Calm. I take one in the morning and one before bed and sometimes one midday.

I appreciate Holly for sharing and I’m glad her and her therapist figured it out.

Resources if you are new to using GABA as a supplement

If you are new to using the the amino acids GABA as supplements, here is the Amino Acids Mood Questionnaire from The Antianxiety Food Solution (you can see the low GABA and other low neurotransmitter symptoms)

In case you’re new to the low GABA-type of anxiety, with low GABA levels you may experience physical-tension and stiff-and-tense-muscles, panic attacks, more physical tension in certain settings like public speaking or driving. You will often have the need to self-medicate to calm down, often with alcohol but sometimes with carbs and sugary foods.

Insomnia can also be caused by low GABA and you’ll experience physical tension in bed at night rather than the ruminating thoughts which is the low serotonin type of insomnia (although it’s not uncommon to experience both.) GABA also helps with muscle spasms and pain relief when muscles are tight.

If you suspect low levels of GABA or low serotonin and do not yet have my book, The Antianxiety Food Solution – How the Foods You Eat Can Help You Calm Your Anxious Mind, Improve Your Mood, and End Cravings, I highly recommend getting it and reading it before jumping in and using amino acids on your own so you are knowledgeable. And be sure to share it with the team you or your loved one is working with.

The book doesn’t include product names (per the publisher’s request) so this blog, The Antianxiety Food Solution Amino Acid and Pyroluria Supplements, lists the GABA products that I use with my individual clients and those in my group programs.

Get guidance in the GABA QuickStart Program

If you don’t feel comfortable reading my book, doing the low GABA symptoms questionnaire and doing trials of GABA on your own, you can get guidance from me in the GABA Quickstart Program.

We have an active and engaged community in the private Facebook group and there are 2 live Q & A calls with me.

One of the recent participants shared this lightbulb moment after starting with GABA Calm in the day and then shifting to 250 mg GABA at night only:

Listening to the GABA Quickstart made me realize something about the Source Naturals GABA Calm with the bit of tyrosine. I bought the NOW GABA powder and last night took 250mg (1/8 tsp and I have tiny measuring spoons) and woke up great.

I think I found my dose of GABA and I don’t think after my trial I’m a GABA in the day girl.

Have you used a high dose of GABA to start (or switched to a higher dose like Holly did) and experienced this unpleasant niacin-like flush?

How much caused this tingling sensation for you and how unpleasant was it? Did you push through and continue using the high dose? Or did you figure it out and use less? How long did it take you to figure it out?

Maybe you quit using GABA because of something like this – do you now feel inspired to try again?

If you’ve had success with using GABA please do share too.

If you’re a practitioner where did you learn about using GABA and was the recommendation was to use a high dose like 500 mg or 750 mg to start?

Feel free to ask your questions here too.

Be sure to share which product you used, how much you used and if you have low GABA symptoms.

A lifetime of horrible and bizarre intrusive thoughts eliminated by a low carb/high fat diet (not as strict as keto) – a case study and research

February 11, 2022 By Trudy Scott 26 Comments

Intrusive thoughts are a symptom of anxiety, are more common than you’d expect and it’s not just you who experiences them. Today’s case study illustrates the power of diet: a low carb/high fat diet (not as strict as keto) completely eliminated a lifetime of horrible and bizarre intrusive thoughts for one woman. Read examples of her actual intrusive thoughts below and check out the supporting research and other case studies.

Ruthie suffered from intrusive thoughts as a child and most of her adult life, and assumed everyone did too. As a child, she would share some of her bizarre thoughts with other children, and they would stare at her and tell their parents. Her own parents became extremely concerned believing she might do one of these bizarre things. Her husband would sometimes look at her in horror when she asked certain questions. As an adult, she was told she was “unusual in a nice sort of way-haha!” This is how she described some of her intrusive thoughts:

They took the form of either myself or family members doing horrible/bizzare things or I would get in the car to go someplace and imagine one of the other drivers on the road doing something bizarre and my mind would follow it right through to the end result of what the individual caused to happen. I would arrive at my destination not remembering any part of my drive, my mind was so busy.

She goes on to share some of her postpartum experience with intrusive thoughts:

Everyone thought I had postpartum depression with my first child but it was the intrusive thoughts that had put me into a panic regarding her care. It was wonderful when a therapist told me it was the intrusive thought component of OCD and I could put a name to it.

It was the greatest delight of my life, when both children grew bigger and stronger than me so I knew, even though I knew I would never hurt them, they had the chance to defend themselves!

For her, eating high fat/low carb has eliminated her lifetime of intrusive thoughts:

Fast forward to discovering the low carb/high fat (LCHF) eating plan (not as strict as keto) and my intrusive thoughts have been gone for almost 2 years now (unless I become overtired).

It is a simply horrid disorder to have. I am just glad now it is well known but it really upsets me that it is being treated with dangerous psychotropic drugs that can do more harm than good when diet changes could be the solution.

I asked if she had ever used GABA or tryptophan (covered in part 1) or any other nutrients during any of the really bad periods and if any of it had helped. She shared that tryptophan gave her dreams that were too vivid and “by the time I was aware of GABA as a possibility, I had changed my diet and my problems had basically been resolved.”

She also confirmed her LCHF diet is predominantly gluten/grain free except the occasional splurge. I suspect these splurges may contribute to her feeling overtired and factor into her intrusive thoughts showing up again.

These are powerful results and I’m thrilled for her. I also appreciate her willingness to share and for allowing me to include her story.

A low carb/high fat (LCHF) / Ketogenic diet study

Most of the LCHF diet research focuses on weight loss and improvement of metabolic markers for conditions like diabetes. However, there is some promising new research on mental health.

This 2020 paper is one example – Ketogenic Diet: A Dietary Modification as an Anxiolytic Approach?

Diets with low amounts of carbohydrate consumption (low-carb) seem promising both for weight mass optimization among mentally ill patients and for their possible anxiolytic effect.

A diet is characterized as being low-carb high-fat (LCHF) when fat comprises >70% of the daily calorie consumption, with sugars [or carbs] being 5–15%, and the rest of the calorie intake being made up of proteins.

This paper discusses anxiety and the role of serotonin, GABA/glutamate imbalance, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and elevated cortisol, inflammation and oxidative stress, the microbiome and leaky gut.

It also covers some ways LCHF diets may reduce anxiety: via impacts on the microbiome (with GABA being produced by good bacteria in the gut), by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, and by providing omega-3 fatty acids and healthy oils (such as olive oil). The inclusion of real whole foods (i.e. no processed junk foods) with quality protein and zinc-rich foods such as oysters, low glycemic index carbohydrates and leafy greens as a source of magnesium, all contribute too.

The authors do mention canola oil which I do not recommend. And contrary to their mention of egg whites, I recommend the entire egg.

Their conclusion includes these statements:

In our mind, the LCHF diet is a promising, well-accepted diet regimen which has an impact on anxiety disorders…

The evidence mentioned in this paper should encourage psychiatrists to recommend LCHF diets as advice somewhere between psychotherapy and pharmacology, or as an add-on to those two.

And I’ll add this: let’s consider LCHF instead of psychotherapy and pharmacology. As you heard Ruthie share above and as you’ll read below, diet changes alone can have profound effects.

Dietary changes alone can be profound for many folks

I’ve blogged extensively about diet in the past: ketogenic diets, the omnivore or Paleo diet and grain-free diets. Diet provides the foundation of any anxiety nutritional program but many people don’t realize or acknowledge that dietary changes alone can be profound for many folks.

I’ll typically hear something like this: “My anxiety [or depression or intrusive thoughts] are too severe for only diet to make a difference. I’m someone who really does need medication.”

As you’ll see below, diet alone can make a huge difference and is often the only thing that needs to change:

Ketogenic diet: reductions in auditory hallucinations and delusions, better mood and energy, and weight loss

Two schizoaffective patients of Dr. Chris Palmer, a psychiatrist from Harvard’s McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts, tried a ketogenic diet for weight loss. As well as losing weight, they experienced reductions in auditory hallucinations and delusions, had a better mood and had more energy. I review the 2018 study and offer my insights in this blog.

An “omnivore” like diet or Paleo diet is associated with reduced anxiety and depression

This type of diet is also referred to as a cave-man type of diet. Even though this 2018 study was only showing associations and not a cause-and-effect, it’s still very encouraging to see new research in the field of nutritional psychiatry, further supporting the results we see in clinical practice.

Paleo and grain free diets: anxiety and depression success stories

I share many success stories in this blog. Here is an example from one woman: “Three days after I stopped eating grains, my chronic depression lifted and has never returned (it’s three years later now).”

Integrative Medicine Approach to Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Anxiety

I write about a 2016 study where gluten was found to be the cause of a childhood case of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Intrusive thoughts are common with OCD and a gluten-free diet (and some other interventions) led to a “marked reduction of OCD symptoms and anxiety along with marked improvement of social behavior and school work.”

This is a small selection of many similar articles on the blog.

My book as a resource if you are new to nutritional psychiatry

If you are new to nutritional psychiatry, do read this blog: Nutritional medicine in modern psychiatry: position statement by ISNPR.

If you do not yet have my book, The Antianxiety Food Solution – How the Foods You Eat Can Help You Calm Your Anxious Mind, Improve Your Mood, and End Cravings, I highly recommend getting it and reading the chapters on diet, sugar and blood sugar control, gluten and grains, and caffeine/alcohol so you have the foundation in place. Who knows, it may be the only changes you need to make to eliminate your intrusive thoughts and other anxiety symptoms!

Be sure to share it with the health team you or your loved one is working with.

If you are new to using the the amino acids GABA or 5-HTP/tryptophan as supplements, I cover this and pyroluria in part 1: Intrusive thoughts are a thing with anxiety: low GABA, low serotonin, pyroluria (low zinc & vitamin B6) and hormone imbalances as possible causes. Be sure to read the many comments and especially Kimberly’s feedback – she combined everything in the above blog and saw wonderful results.

As I mentioned in part 1, let’s talk about intrusive thoughts so we don’t have to feel alone and so we can find solutions. And share your success with nutritional solutions when something works for you. Share it with your friends, your health practitioner, researchers and on this blog.

Did you know intrusive thoughts are a thing, or did you think it was just you? And what kind of intrusive thoughts have you had?

Are you surprised that a LCHF/keto or similar diet could have such a profound impact?

Has a dietary approach alone helped you eliminate your intrusive thoughts or other anxiety symptoms? Or has diet, in conjunction with amino acids such as GABA and tryptophan helped?

What else has helped eliminate or reduce your unwanted intrusive thoughts?

Feel free to ask your questions here too.

Huge rise in anxiety in college students (and other mental health issues): amino acid supplements and nutritional psychiatry as a solution.

May 21, 2021 By Trudy Scott 17 Comments

Is your son or daughter finding college/university overwhelming? Is he or she battling with new or worsening anxiety, worrying about results, has fears about success or fitting in, lying awake imagining the worst outcomes or maybe feeling like a perfectionist and getting stuck? Perhaps they have poor self-confidence, feel like an imposter and may even have panic attacks. These signs and symptoms are all common with the low serotonin-type of worry-in-the-head anxiety, which may also include PMS (premenstrual syndrome), obsessive tendencies and anger issues.

They may also be experiencing the low GABA type of tension-anxiety, where they lie awake at night stiff and tense and self-medicate with too much sugar, carbs, junk food and/or alcohol (and maybe even pot and other drugs). There may be intrusive thoughts too and panic attacks also triggered by low GABA.

What about focus issues/ADHD and low motivation, no ability to follow-through on tasks and projects, procrastination and missing deadlines? These are all classic signs of low catecholamine, which also includes low energy, and feeling depressed/sad/low/flat. Your son or daughter may just want to crawl up in their dorm bed and not do anything or may spend hours doing mindless activities like binge watching Netflix or scrolling mindlessly through social media.

All of these signs and symptoms point to low levels of neurotransmitters or brain chemicals: low serotonin, low GABA and low dopamine. We need the right raw materials to make these neurotransmitters and the majority of college cafeterias are not providing nutrient-dense foods and/or foods that are unique for each person’s biochemistry (more on this below).

The huge rise in anxiety and other mental health issues in college students

It’s no wonder that we are seeing a huge rise in anxiety and other mental health issues in college students. Way too many students are dropping out and so many are struggling unnecessarily.

This 2019 Harvard blog post shares some alarming stats:

Anxiety in college is very common. According to the American College Health Association Fall 2018 National College Health Assessment, 63% of college students in the US felt overwhelming anxiety in the past year. In the same survey, 23% reported being diagnosed or treated by a mental health professional for anxiety in the past year.

This article in Nature earlier this year, The problem is greater than it’s ever been’: US universities urged to invest in mental-health resources, highlights points from US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report:

68% of university presidents listed student mental health as one of their most pressing issues
the dropout rate for students with diagnosed mental-health problems ranges from 43% to as high as 86%
The students who said that they had more trouble with anxiety or depression after the lockdown also reported greater alcohol use

It states that faculty members should “receive formal training to address and support student well-being” and “students should learn about mental-health issues as part of their introductory training.” They also say “Hiring more counsellors could be an important step, but counsellors alone can’t turn the tide.” I agree with all this but recommend adding nutritional psychiatry awareness, training and resources too.

Poor diet and nutritional deficiencies are a major contributing factor even though it’s seldom discussed. The good news is that there are relatively simple solutions – amino acids as supplements for quick relief and diet as the foundation – but it does take work.

Using amino acids as supplements for quick relief

Amino acids, used as supplements, are a quick way to offer immediate relief of symptoms: tryptophan or 5-HTP (for the low serotonin worry-type anxiety), GABA (for the tension-type anxiety) and tyrosine (for the low dopamine poor-focus and low symptoms). Here are some examples:

A 23-year-old female college student, adopted and exposed to alcohol while in the womb, has some learning struggles. She doesn’t want to miss a day of taking 5-HTP, because she says that “it keeps her on her toes,” which she says means that it “keeps me focused,” when studying.
Tyrosine helped a young man who was learning new software: “Within an hour the stress just melted away!”, alleviating his anxiety and panic attacks and creating a feeling of calm focus.
A newly qualified nutritionist shared how she suffered badly from imposter syndrome at the end of her nutrition degree and she felt socially awkward in so many outings and situations. Her anxiety and stress were through the roof and her sleep was poor. She said these wonderful results: “What really tipped the balance was the supplementation of tyrosine, tryptophan & GABA.”

If you are new to the amino acids, here is the Amino Acids Mood Questionnaire from The Antianxiety Food Solution and additional information on Anxiety and targeted individual amino acid supplements: a summary

This lists The Antianxiety Food Solution Amino Acid and Pyroluria Supplements that I use with my individual clients and those in my group programs.

We use the amino acids for quick relief of symptoms and then focus on the foundations like diet and address other imbalances.

Diet as the foundation for students i.e. nutritional psychiatry

I first blogged about nutritional psychiatry in 2015 when the ISNPR position statement was published in World Psychiatry, the official journal of the World Psychiatric Association. This 2019 paper, Nutritional psychiatry: Towards improving mental health by what you eat provides an overview of the emerging field of nutritional psychiatry:

Does it matter what we eat for our mental health? Accumulating data suggests that this may indeed be the case and that diet and nutrition are not only critical for human physiology and body composition, but also have significant effects on mood and mental wellbeing. While the determining factors of mental health are complex, increasing evidence indicates a strong association between a poor diet and the exacerbation of mood disorders, including anxiety and depression, as well as other neuropsychiatric conditions.

The 2017 SMILES Trial is the first randomized controlled diet depression study and ONE THIRD of the dietary intervention group saw improvements in their depression symptoms. This was just diet alone and switching from processed/junk food to real food with no specific dietary restrictions. Participants also reported improvements in anxiety symptoms. And the authors even addressed the cost factor, stating it was more affordable to eat this way.

Research supports this connection in college students. This is one of a growing number of studies, Eating behavior and relationships with stress, anxiety, depression and insomnia in university students, that concludes that:

unhealthy eating patterns are common in university populations and are related to anxiety, stress, and depression. Educational interventions to reduce unhealthy food consumption in university students can also result in psychological health improvements and/or vice versa.

Unfortunately, as students get more anxious and depressed their food choices get worse (especially for male students) and it becomes a vicious cycle. This paper, Examining the Role of Anxiety and Depression in Dietary Choices among College Students, reports:

Overall, a decrease in total caloric intake and an increase in sugar consumption were found as self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression increased. In addition, there were sex differences in the relationship between depression and food choices. Men consumed more saturated fat as well as less fruits and vegetables as self-reported symptoms of depression increased. Results suggest symptoms of depression are a greater risk factor for poor nutrition in male college students than females.

It’s time for colleges/universities to recognize all this and teach about nutritional psychiatry. My book, The Antianxiety Food Solution is an excellent starting point for students, parents and educators (together with other blogs on this site).

Checking out cafeterias and cooking options

When looking at colleges are you also looking at what the cafeteria offers and if they cater for special diets (like gluten-free, dairy-free, Paleo etc) and/or offer real whole food, organic vegetables and fruit, grass-fed meat, wild fish and fermented foods?

Can students use a slow cooker, blender, Instant Pot or electric frying pan in their dorms?

Is there a dorm kitchen and can they take their own pots and pans (so non-stick pans can be avoided) and any of the above appliances?

Are there nearby living options that include a kitchen and a store with quality food for purchase?

I feel colleges/universities should be rated on all of the above in addition to everything else.

It all starts at home before they leave for college

Having a good college cafeteria and dorm kitchens is one step in the right direction, but these young adults also need to understand the impact of a breakfast of bagels and coffee or not having breakfast or the fact that gluten may trigger a panic attack and make them sad. They need to know how to shop and cook if there is a shared dorm kitchen or apartment. And they need to make the right choices when they do eat in the cafeteria or nearby restaurants (assuming good options are available). This all starts at home with you before they leave for college.

Katie shares this about her daughter who plans to use the college cafeteria for some meals and also cook in the apartment kitchen on weekends:

My daughter was just saying today how glad she is that she doesn’t have to figure out [the connection between increased anxiety, fatigue, brain fog, sadness and what they are eating] while learning how to live on her own and go to college. I changed how I ate 8 years ago for my PCOS and about 3 years ago she decided to give it a try after feeling so horrible but seeing my change. I’m so proud of her for embracing a healthier lifestyle in her teen years when everyone around her is subsisting off energy drinks and vending machine food. It makes me think that if we offer them a little education, they’ll make good choices for themselves.

This mom can also feel proud that she led by example for her daughter (and I appreciate them for letting me share here).

But I believe the colleges need to play a role in this too. They are providing food and this is a perfect educational opportunity that will serve their students (and future generations), solve the mental health crisis they are struggling with and prevent drop-outs (which is having an impact on their bottom-line).

Do you believe colleges/universities should be rated on all of the above in addition to everything else? What have you done to check out cafeterias and cooking options for your daughter or son?

Has your son or daughter benefited from any of the amino acids or eating real whole food (and according to their own needs?

Do you work in a college and are you seeing this rise in anxiety and depression? If yes, how do we get these changes implemented?

How do we educate students once they are at college (other than making sure campus food is excellent):

a lifestyle/diet/anxiety app with resources and tracking?
online training with a nutritionist/coach and access to an online forum and live Q&As?
one-on-one campus nutrition coaches?
make nutritional psychiatry part of the curriculum?
produce a documentary following the lives of students on campus and showing the transformation they experience?

Feel free to post your questions and ideas here too.

Nutritional and Dietary Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorder – a new study

June 29, 2018 By Trudy Scott 3 Comments

The research confirms how effective nutritional psychiatry is for anxiety and depression (the SMILEs diet depression trial) so when a 12 month randomized trial reports the benefits of nutrition for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) we celebrate this too. Many of the same mechanisms that contribute to anxiety, can also play a role when it comes to ASD – such as food sensitivities, poor gut health, heavy metals, fatty acid imbalances and so on. Also, many children with ASD experience anxiety – 34 to 47% depending on whether you ask a parent of a teacher. Many adults with autism and Asperger’s syndrome also experience anxiety and overwhelm too. In one study 50% of adults with ASD experienced social anxiety.

This paper was published in March this year: Comprehensive Nutritional and Dietary Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorder-A Randomized, Controlled 12-Month Trial and was

a randomized, controlled, single-blind 12-month treatment study of a comprehensive nutritional and dietary intervention.

Treatment began with a special vitamin/mineral supplement, and additional treatments were added sequentially, including essential fatty acids, Epsom salt baths, carnitine, digestive enzymes, and a healthy gluten-free, casein-free, soy-free (HGCSF) diet.

Here is the year-long protocol for the study participants:

Day 0: Vitamin/Mineral supplementation begins.
Day 30: Essential Fatty Acid supplementation begins.
Day 60: Epsom salt baths begin.
Day 90: Carnitine Supplementation begins.
Day 180: Digestive Enzyme supplementation begins.
Day 210: Healthy, casein-free, gluten-free diet begins.
Day 365: Final assessment of autism severity and overall functioning status. Final blood draw and urine collection.

And these are the guidelines for the dietary changes for the study participants:

Adequate intake of a variety of vegetables (including leafy greens) and fruit (preferably whole fruit).
Adequate protein quality and intake.
Adequate, but not excessive, caloric intake.
Minimal consumption of “junk” foods and replacement with healthy snacks.
Healthy, gluten-free, casein-free, and soy-free (HGCSF).
Avoidance of artificial flavors, colors, and preservatives.

Parents of participants reported that the vitamin/mineral supplements, essential fatty acids, and HGCSF diet were the most beneficial. And when asked at the end of the study which treatments they planned to continue at the conclusion of the study, over 85% of parents said the vitamin/mineral supplement and the essential fatty acids were the most likely to be continued, 70% planned to continue the Epsom salt baths, 63% planned to continue the healthy HGCSF diet, and 44% planned to continue using the carnitine and digestive enzymes.

I’m really pleased that they mentioned the following limitation because we really do need to address the nutritional needs of each person:

all participants received all treatments, whereas probably only a subset are likely to benefit from any single intervention (for example, only participants with low carnitine are likely to benefit from carnitine supplementation)…. future studies could try to determine which treatments were most beneficial, using the results of this study to guide those future studies.

Despite the above study limitation, the treatment group saw the following improvements:

Improved nonverbal intellectual ability
Significantly greater improvement in autismsymptoms and developmental age
Significantly greater increases in EPA, DHA, carnitine, and vitamins A, B2, B5, B6, B12, folic acid, and coenzyme Q10

Many of the study participants saw improved communication skills as well as improved daily living skills and social skills – all of which can lead to reduced anxiety and social anxiety, and improved overall happiness.

The authors do mention that the combination of all of the above treatments is feasible for most families and that there were minimal adverse effects. They conclude that:

The positive results of this study suggest that a comprehensive nutritional and dietary intervention is effective at improving nutritional status, non-verbal IQ, autism symptoms, and other symptoms in most individuals with ASD [both children and adults].

Julie Matthews, one of the nutritionists supporting the study

My good friend and colleague, Julie Matthews, was one of the nutritionists supporting the study and is one of the co-authors on the paper. I’m so proud of her contribution to this research which further supports prior studies and the work she does clinically.

Julie is the author of Nourishing Hope for Autism: Nutrition and Diet Guide for Healing Our Children and the founder of the Bioindividual Nutrition Institute. She is hosting the Nourishing Hope for Autism Summit running July 30 to August 30 and she interviews lead researcher, James Adams, PhD, Director of the Autism/Asperger’s Research Program at Arizona State University. The interview is titled “The Scientific Evidence Linking Nutrition and Autism Improvement” so be sure to tune in if you’d like more information on this study and other dietary and nutritional interventions for ASD. (You can register here).

Shamus diagnosed with moderate to severe autism at age 2

Julie shares Shamus’ success story on her Nourishing Hope blog. He was diagnosed with moderate to severe autism at age 2.

When they began him on nutritional and biomedical protocols, his parents had no expectation of improved speech or ever “mainstreaming” their son. They just wanted him to sleep so they could cope with him being autistic.

Within 3 days of starting a gluten and casein-free (GFCF) diet his projectile vomiting stopped and his meltdowns reduced from 20 per day to just 3. The next step was the GAPS diet (Gut and Psychology Syndrome) which included broths and fermented foods, and did lead to worsening symptoms for a short time. Later on overgrowth of the harmful bacteria Clostridium difficile was addressed and other biomedical/nutritional interventions were included.

Today at age 10, Shamus shows no signs of autism and has been classified as “fully recovered!” He’s in a mainstream classroom at school, his teachers love him and he has a great group of friends. Shamus is great at team sports, and exhibits no problems in the classroom whatsoever.

I’m horrified that the doctor told this mom that she was over-anxious, had post-natal depression and needed to take an antidepressant (but that’s another entire blog post).

Both children and adults benefit from dietary changes

I find it very encouraging that the study participants were both children and adults with autism spectrum disorder and their ages ranged from 3 years to 58 years. Julie shares this inspiring and hopeful comment in the press release:

The study also shows that no matter the age of the individual with autism, diet and nutrition intervention can help. It’s never too late to be nourishing hope!

I agree, it’s never too late to make changes. This wonderful success story about an older gentleman with autism is just one example. Carolyn Gammicchia, mom/wife/autism advocate/ disability activist, shared the following on Facebook shortly after the study was published:

I have spoken to many people across the country who implemented this in older individuals, one man was 51 from TX who had been institutionalized and had not spoken. He was in very poor health when a wonderful lady took him in and somehow got my number and called me. She had seen a presentation I had done about five years ago about this and she weaned him off multiple medications, cleaned up his diet (went GFCFSF i.e. gluten-free, casein-free and soy-free) and supplemented with vitamins and minerals, plus exercise. He started speaking, lost 50 lbs, and is able to work now. It works!

Diet reduces anxiety and depression and helps with bipolar and schizoaffective disorder too

I mentioned nutritional psychiatry at the start so here are a few blog posts that highlight how diet reduces anxiety and depression and helps with bipolar and schizoaffective disorder too.

Going back to the study limitation – what this all means is finding the right combination of dietary and nutritional interventions for each person. There is no one-size fits all and bioindividualized nutrition is key – for ASD, anxiety, depression and any other condition.

We’d love to hear what dietary interventions you’ve used with success with a loved one with autism or Asperger’s syndrome. Have these changes also reduced anxiety and improved other mood symptoms?

If you’re a practitioner, feel free to share a success story about one of your clients/patients with ASD.

Do also share some tips that you have found make this dietary transition easier and some challenges you have faced. Feel free to post your questions too.

The ketogenic diet for mental health, weight loss, inflammation and disease prevention

May 2, 2018 By Trudy Scott 6 Comments

I wasn’t aware until recently that “KETO”, “Ketones” “Keto diet”, “Ketogenic lifestyle”, “Ketosis” and “Ketogenic diet” are some of the MOST SEARCHED terms on the internet today.

But there is a good reason for this and host of The Keto Edge Summit (which runs from May 7-13, 2018), Dr. David Jockers shares this:

The goal of the ketogenic lifestyle is to adapt the body to utilize FAT as its primary fuel source instead of SUGAR.

For our ancestors, eating three meals a day just wasn’t a thing. Instead, they’d hunt and forage for the foods they could find. When there wasn’t food, they wouldn’t eat.

Sometimes they’d go for days without food. To sustain life during times of scarcity, the body is thought to have developed the ability to utilize fat as an alternative fuel source.

Today, there’s an abundance of food available to most of us at all times. We regularly eat three meals per day with intermittent snacking between them.

This kind of frequent eating, along with an overemphasis on carb-rich and sugary foods, causes a REDUCED ability to burn fat. Because we don’t have to hunt or forage for food; we’ve become “sugar burners.”

As these sugar-laden foods damage our bodies, we rely MORE on sugar and lose the ability to produce ketones – as a result, massive blood sugar spikes, inflammation, hormone imbalance and ultimately many of the chronic diseases that plague us today.

In a traditional nutrition course, you’d learn that sugar is the body’s PRIMARY fuel source, while fat is secondary. What we’ve learned now (and so much research is supporting this) fat can be a healthier and more sustainable source of energy.

Ketones help you burn fat for energy, powerfully reduce inflammation and show promise in preventing and eradicating diabetes, cancer, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, and they can even play a role in alleviating symptoms in mental health conditions like anxiety, depression and schizoaffective disorder.

One of the amazing speakers on the summit is Dominic D’Agostino, researcher and Associate Professor at the University of South Florida. I attended the Bioceuticals conference in Melbourne this past weekend and had the pleasure of hearing him present on this topic live and all I can say is wow! I don’t want you to miss out and now you don’t have to when you tune in via the Keto Edge Summit.

Here is one of the slides where he shares the many proven and emerging applications of nutritional ketosis:

The applications of nutritional ketosis are extensive – including epilepsy, type 2 diabetes, weight loss, NAFLD, mitochondrial disease and inflammation, with emerging evidence for acne, PCOS, wound healing, cancer, autism, ALS, MS, Alzheimer’s, the brain and anxiety.

(anxiety and depression fall under brain on the right and also under inflammatory disorders on the left)

I shared these case studies a few weeks ago in a blog post – Ketogenic diet: reductions in auditory hallucinations and delusions, better mood and energy, and weight loss. Two schizoaffective patients working with Dr. Chris Palmer, a psychiatrist from Harvard’s McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts, tried a ketogenic diet for weight loss:

After four weeks on the ketogenic diet, the female patient had resolution of her delusions and lost ten pounds.
The male patient experienced similar results with “dramatic” reductions in auditory hallucinations and delusions, as well as better mood and energy. He also lost weight, losing 104 pounds over the course of a year.

There is also research reporting the following results:

Therapeutic use of carbohydrate-restricted diets in an autistic child; a case report of clinical and 18FDG PET findings

the patient’s behavior and intellect improved in regard to hyperactivity, attention span, abnormal reactions to visual and auditory stimuli, usage of objects, adaptability to changes, communication skills, fear, anxiety, and emotional reactions

Exogenous Ketone Supplements Reduce Anxiety-Related Behavior in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk Rats

ketone supplementation may represent a promising anxiolytic strategy through a novel means of inducing nutritional ketosis.

As Dr. Jockers states:

The GREATEST health discovery of this century may ALREADY be inside your body!

During this health summit, you’ll discover:

What is ketosis (and how does it work)?
Myths, and how to separate fact from fiction!
How to overcome the challenges of being “keto adapted.”
Whether you should start a keto diet (or not!).
How to shop, live and eat on a ketogenic lifestyle.

The Keto Edge Summit is online and available at no-cost from May 7-13, 2018! Register here

I will be in learning mode with you for the Keto Edge Summit. I’ve been following Dr. David Jockers for awhile and I’m very excited about the applications of a ketogenic diet for anxiety and depression, given what we’ve learned so far. It’s going to be a great educational opportunity for all of us.

Have you experienced benefits from a ketogenic diet? If yes please do share what benefits?

If you’ve had challenges being on a ketogenic diet please share those challenges too, so we can all learn.