amino acids

Flight anxiety with heightened breath, physical tension and also fearing the worst (the role of low GABA and low serotonin)

September 19, 2025 By Trudy Scott Leave a Comment

Do you have suggestions for supplements for flight anxiety, something to make flying bearable without heightened breath, etc, or is that out of the supplement realm?

I also have physical tension and fear the worst. Any kind of turbulence or warnings of turbulence makes me extremely nervous.

K asked this question on one of my blogs and I responded that this is very much in the supplement realm! And what we use depends on the type of anxiety someone is experiencing.

I would first consider serotonin support before and during flying – tryptophan or 5-HTP – because she fears the worst and feels extremely nervous. With low serotonin there may also be worry and fear leading up to the trip, as well as feelings of panic and imagining the worst during the flight.

GABA support – using the amino acid GABA or theanine – should also be considered for the more physical symptoms of heightened breath and physical tension. With low GABA there can be other physical symptoms such as excessive sweating (like the palms), a racing or pounding heart and a dry mouth. These amino acids could also be used leading up to the flight and during the trip if needed.

Read on for more on my insights on using these amino acids in a situation like this, additional information about fear of flying and a success story with GABA.

Serotonin and/or GABA support for fear of flying

In an ideal situation I would want to address both low serotonin and low GABA before flying and have her use extra during the flight, as needed. It’s very likely that many of the low serotonin and low GABA symptoms are present in some way in her day to day life too.

This means she can be methodical about doing a trial of the respective amino acids and figure out the optimal dose of each in familiar surroundings – using powder, capsule opened, sublingual, chewable or liposomal.

As always we trial one at a time so we know which one is working best. Keep in mind some folks do better with tryptophan and some do better with 5-HTP so both may need to be trialed. The same can be said for GABA and theanine.

Once the product and dose of each has been figured out, she’ll need to find a suitable option for use while traveling i.e. a sublingual or chewable tablet

It’s always a comprehensive approach

It’s a comprehensive approach – amino acids AND diet so I recommend eating real whole food, quality animal protein, eating for blood sugar stability, going gluten-free, sugar-free and caffeine-free, eating healthy fats, organic vegetables and fruit and fermented foods. My book “The Antianxiety Food Solution” is a great place to start when you are new to the amino acids and other anxiety nutrition solutions like gluten/sugar/caffeine removal, blood sugar control, gut health, pyroluria etc.

During travel it’s important to be prepared with healthy travel foods and drinks. I share some ideas here.

The definition of a specific phobia such as the fear of flying

The fear of flying is called aviophobia and it’s one of many common phobias about something specific. According to this ebook

Specific phobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by excessive and irrational fear of a particular object, situation, or activity. The anxiety response goes beyond normal apprehension and leads to avoidance behavior. The intensity of the fear is often disproportionate to the actual danger posed by the phobic stimulus.

Common examples of specific phobias include fear of heights (acrophobia), fear of spiders (arachnophobia), fear of flying (aviophobia), and fear of needles (trypanophobia). People with specific phobias may experience intense anxiety or panic attacks when exposed to the feared object or situation.

This Australian article reports that “One in six people have a significant fear that prevents them from flying, and about one in five regular flyers use alcohol or prescription drugs to “help” them through a flight, according to Victoria’s Department of Health.”

Using the amino acids to address low serotonin and/or low GABA addresses the root cause and does away with the need for alcohol and antianxiety meds (and the associated side-effects).

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and exposure therapy is often recommended for aviophobia but doesn’t always help, and doesn’t address the biochemical imbalances.

A success story with GABA before and during a flight – cool as a cucumber

Melissa started using Source Naturals GABA Calm in anticipation of holiday travel and holiday gatherings and shared this:

I’m glad I saw the post about GABA on your FB page a couple weeks ago. I bought Source Naturals GABA Calm and have been taking 1-3 per day for two weeks.

I’m glad I bought it before travelling home for Christmas – I was cool as a cucumber at the airport and was much calmer when visiting family and friends compared to last year! The true test of its efficacy will be in two weeks when the semester starts. For now, I notice a general calmness and am sleeping well.

Notice that she started using it in the 2 weeks leading up to her trip and not on the flight itself.

Additional resources when you are new to using tryptophan or GABA and other amino acids as supplements

We use the symptoms questionnaire to figure out if low serotonin or low GABA or other neurotransmitter imbalances may be an issue for you.

If you suspect low levels of any of the neurotransmitters and do not yet have my book, The Antianxiety Food Solution – How the Foods You Eat Can Help You Calm Your Anxious Mind, Improve Your Mood, and End Cravings. I highly recommend getting it and reading it before jumping in and using amino acids on your own so you are knowledgeable. And be sure to share it with the practitioner/health team you or your loved one is working with.

There is an entire chapter on the amino acids and they are discussed throughout the book in the sections on gut health, gluten, blood sugar control (this is covered in an entire chapter too), sugar cravings, anxiety and mood issues. The importance of quality animal protein and healthy fats is also covered.

The book doesn’t include product names (per the publisher’s request) so this blog, The Antianxiety Food Solution Amino Acid and Pyroluria Supplements, lists the amino acids that I use with my individual clients and those in my group programs.

If, after reading this blog and my book, you don’t feel comfortable figuring things out on your own (i.e. doing the symptoms questionnaire and respective amino acids trials), a good place to get help is the GABA QuickStart Program (if you have low GABA symptoms too). This is a paid online/virtual group program where you get my guidance and community support.

If you need serotonin support, the Serotonin QuickStart Program is a good place to get help. This is also a paid online/virtual group program where you get my guidance on using tryptophan and 5-HTP safely, and community support during 5 LIVE Q&A calls. You can sign up to be notified when the next live launch of this program is happening.

If you are a practitioner, join us in The Balancing Neurotransmitters: the Fundamentals program. This is also a paid online/virtual program with an opportunity to interact with me and other practitioners who are also using the amino acids.

Have you had success using serotonin and/or GABA support for your fear of flying (or other phobia/s)? If yes, which amino acids have helped you?

Did you have any success with CBT or exposure therapy or other approaches?

Feel free to share and ask your questions below.

How can I help my anxious daughter withdraw from vaping? She wants to quit but gets more anxious when she tries to quit!

September 5, 2025 By Trudy Scott 2 Comments

withdraw from vaping

I have been trying to help my daughter withdraw from vaping but it is proving such a vicious cycle.

She wants to quit but has anxiety and gets health anxiety when she doesn’t use the vape within a certain period – the physical withdrawal signs come thru very quickly for her – rapid heart beat, pain inside etc. which freaks her out and then she vapes…

It’s a hopeless cycle of withdrawals with horrible physical symptoms and then the emotional frustration of using vaping to manage the symptoms and feeling so frustrated with herself.

We tried 5-HTP which did not help. I make sure she gets a great protein, veg, good fat and some carbs for breakfast and she takes home made food to work but she works in hospitality and has really late night / early morning finishes and I feel like we are dealing with a lot more than the addiction here. I’d love to try and find a way to get her use down and hopefully kicked to the kerb.

If we could put her into a deep deep sleep for a few days till the toxin is washed out of her system and have a way to deal with the emotional aspect of withdrawal I think myself and so many other parents in Australia would be grateful.

Vaping is a huge problem in our young people – it’s all thru the schools too. It doesn’t smell, tastes like lollies and parents can’t detect it easily.

Louise is a mom in the community who posted this question on one of the blogs. I feel for her and her daughter and hear her concerns – vaping is a huge problem. However, there is a solution that doesn’t involve putting her daughter into a deep deep sleep – addressing neurotransmitter imbalances as a root cause.

Read on below for information on vaping and the very harmful effects (on the lungs and even bones); how to figure out which emotions are driving the need to use vaping to self-medicate and which amino acids to trial (including my insights for Louise’s daughter); why the amino acids are so powerful when it comes to vaping and other addictions; dietary aspects are foundational and important too, as are really late nights; and additional amino acid resources.

What is vaping and why is it so harmful?

This 2023 Harvard Health Publishing article, Can vaping damage your lungs? What we do (and don’t) know, provides an overview of vaping if you’re not exactly sure what is involved:

Vaping involves heating a liquid and inhaling the aerosol into the lungs. With vaping, a device such as an e-cigarette is used that heats up a liquid (called vape juice or e-liquid) until it turns into a vapor that is inhaled. These devices are commonly called vapes, mods, e-hookahs, sub-ohms, tank systems, and vape pens. They may all look a bit different, but work in similar ways.

These devices heat up various flavorings, nicotine, marijuana, or other potentially harmful substances.

The authors list the potentially harmful substances found in vapes:

nicotine
ultrafine particles that can be inhaled deep into the lungs
flavorings such as diacetyl, a chemical linked to a serious lung disease
volatile organic compounds
cancer-causing chemicals
heavy metals such as nickel, tin, and lead.

And they explain some of the serious lung problems that occur in those who vape: EVALI (e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury) and “popcorn lung” or bronchiolitis obliterans (BO).

One adverse effect that I seldom see mentioned is the potential harms to bone health, including “accelerating bone associated disease progression, impacting skeletal development in younger users and to advise patients following orthopaedic surgery, dental surgery, or injury to maximise bone healing.”

Unfortunately it’s the flavors in nicotine and cannabis vape products – candy/dessert, fruit, and fruit-ice combination vs tobacco flavor – that increased adolescents’ willingness to try them. “Comprehensive bans on flavored vapes would likely reduce adolescent use.”

There is growing awareness of these issues and fortunately rates of vaping are declining, however we do have to address why teens and young adults are seeking something calming or soothing such as vaping (or smoking or drinking) i.e. neurotransmitter imbalances.

How to figure out which emotions are driving the need to use vaping to self-medicate and which amino acids to trial?

This is how I would suggest this mom works with her daughter to help them figure out which emotions are driving the need to use vaping to self-medicate and which amino acids to trial:

How do you feel before vaping?	How do you feel after vaping?	Likely brain chemistry imbalance	Amino acid/s to supplement
Anxious or stressed (physical anxiety)	Calm or relaxed	Low GABA	GABA, pharmaGABA or theanine
Low mood, worried, fearful? (mental anxiety)	Happy or content	Low serotonin	Tryptophan or 5-HTP
Tired, unfocused, low motivation	Energetic, alert, or focused	Low catecholamines, low dopamine	Tyrosine
Desire for a reward or treat, sad (weepy), emotional	Rewarded or comforted	Low endorphins	DPA (d-phenylalanine) or DLPA
Irritable and shaky	Grounded or stable	Low blood sugar	Glutamine

We use this in conjunction with the symptoms questionnaire for each neurotransmitter and trial the respective amino acids one at a time.

I often see low GABA to be a driving reason for vaping, smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol – they are all ways of self-medicating in order to calm down and reduce stress. And research supports this connection with “disturbances to GABA dynamics” “found to play a key role in … substance dependence and addiction.”

Louise mentions her daughter notices “physical withdrawal signs” of “rapid heart beat, pain inside” when trying to quit so it’s very possible there is a low GABA aspect to her addiction. I would consider a trial of GABA to start if she also has other low GABA symptoms.

She also shares that her daughter has “health anxiety” and freaks out when she starts to get withdrawal symptoms. If she resonates with being fearful and worried then it’s possible there is also a low serotonin aspect for her. Louise mentions that 5-HTP didn’t help but not how much they trialed or if they increased to try and find the ideal amount. If her daughter has other low serotonin symptoms I’d revisit this and also consider a trial of tryptophan as some individuals do better on one vs the other. I’d also use both as powder on the tongue in case that makes a difference.

And when I hear “hopeless” and “emotional” I would also be considering low endorphins and a trial of DPA (d-phenylalanine).

Why the amino acids are so powerful when it comes to vaping and other addictions

The amino acids play many roles in addressing a vaping addiction:

They address the root cause of the addiction i.e. the neurotransmitter imbalance/s
They help you to quit vaping with no willpower and without feeling deprived
They help to mitigate many of the adverse effects (like worse sleep issues and feeling more anxious)
They address the emotional aspect so mood and anxiety is improved
They prevent the need to find a replacement like sugar, coffee, Diet soda and alcohol and cigarettes (intake of any of these may increase when vaping is stopped, unless the neurotransmitter imbalances are addressed)

Many individuals with addiction issues have imbalances in all areas. We use a similar approach for vaping as we use for addictions to alcohol, cigarettes and sugar/carb/junk food i.e. we tackle one imbalance at a time so we know which amino acid is helping and how much is needed.

Dietary aspects are foundational and important too, as are really late nights and detox

I love that mom makes sure her daughter is well-nourished with real whole food – it’s foundational, as I explain in my book “The Antianxiety Food Solution.”

Louise mentions she gets a good breakfast. I’d be making sure she has good quality animal protein at breakfast in order to help with blood sugar stability as this helps with addictions too. And I’d want to make sure she takes healthy protein snacks to work too – like a boiled egg, beef jerky/biltong, a grass-fed beef stick etc.

With really late night / early morning finishes we always consider adrenal issues and address that as needed, after doing salivary testing.

And once Louise’s daughter has quit I would be focusing on detoxification of the toxins using sauna, red light, dry skin brushing and other detox approaches. And making a concerted effort to focus on improving antioxidants and other nutritional deficiencies, and assessing and working to improve her bone health.

Additional resources when you are new to using GABA, tryptophan and other amino acids as supplements

As always, I use the symptoms questionnaire to figure out if low GABA or low serotonin or other neurotransmitter imbalances may be an issue.

If you suspect low levels of any of the neurotransmitters and do not yet have my book, The Antianxiety Food Solution – How the Foods You Eat Can Help You Calm Your Anxious Mind, Improve Your Mood, and End Cravings, I highly recommend getting it and reading it before jumping in and using amino acids on your own so you are knowledgeable. And be sure to share it with the practitioner/health team you or your loved one is working with.

If, after reading this blog and my book, you don’t feel comfortable figuring things out on your own (i.e. doing the symptoms questionnaire and respective amino acids trials), a good place to get help is the GABA QuickStart Program (if you have low GABA symptoms). This is a paid online/virtual group program where you get my guidance and community support. You can sign up to be notified when the next live launch is happening.

Wrapping up and your feedback

I appreciate Louise for asking this question so I could share on this blog and enlighten her and other parents whose teen and young adult children are struggling with vaping.

Does your teen or young adult child struggle with quitting vaping? And have the amino acids helped – if yes, which ones?

Have you personally had a similar issue?

And are you aware how harmful vaping is – for the lungs and even the bones?

Feel free to share and ask your questions below.

The correlation between terrible anxiety/panic attacks and collagen

July 25, 2025 By Trudy Scott 14 Comments

Bea shared her collagen experience and insights on one of the collagen blogs:

I discovered the correlation between terrible anxiety and collagen myself several years ago! Couldn’t find any data about it then so just assumed I was a weirdo. But then my 26 yr old daughter started having terrible panic attacks. And bam! She too had started a collagen supplement! So I realized at least 2 ladies have this trouble! Got me to think about how many women seek anti-aging help with collagen and then also end up on prescriptions to help calm terrible anxiety without seeing the connection. Practitioners don’t seem to know about this. But every vitamin shop I visit hears from me on the anxiety/collagen connection. Perhaps grassroots word of mouth will help others eventually.

And yesssss… for me, bone broth is equally horrible!! Even if it is simmered for only 30 mins.

Thank you for explaining, Trudy!! How fascinating to learn it’s the drop in serotonin! I’ve never tried Tryptophan… just a bit nervous. But I think it’s time. I sure need the bone broth for my waning gut health. And I’m weary of ruminating thoughts lately! Thank you immensely for shining a needed light on how these amino acids help! I only wish I could share lunch with you and pass along my grateful hug!

God bless you, Trudy!

I’m so glad Dea found this correlation for herself and her daughter! Collagen use is on the rise and there is little awareness about these effects on serotonin levels in susceptible individuals. Read on for many of the anti-aging benefits of collagen, more information about tryptophan depletion studies, another similar story, other possible causes, and other blog resources on this topic.

Collagen use as we age: for skin, joints and bone health

Her comment about an increase in collagen use for anti-aging is so true. This 2023 paper, Collagen supplementation in skin and orthopedic diseases: A review of the literature, discusses the many age-related benefits of collagen:

hydrolyzed collagen supplementation promotes skin changes, such as decreased wrinkle formation; increased skin elasticity; increased hydration; increased collagen content, density, and synthesis, which are factors closely associated with aging-related skin damage.

Regarding orthopedic changes, collagen supplementation increases bone strength, density, and mass; improves joint stiffness/mobility, and functionality; and reduces pain. These aspects are associated with bone loss due to aging and damage caused by strenuous physical activity.

This paper mentions these aspects about collagen, that it’s low in tryptophan and that it is not a complete protein i.e. it’s a low biological value protein:

Notably, collagen is a low-tryptophan protein, an essential amino acid for humans.
Collagen is a source of conditionally essential amino acids (glycine and proline), which are important in some physiological situations.
Collagen is a low biological value protein, since its amino acid composition is poor in essential amino acids. However, it has a positive intrinsic value because its amino acid composition is equivalent to that of human connective tissue.

This supports what we have learned from acute tryptophan depletion studies causing low serotonin.

Tryptophan-depletion studies to study the relationship between low serotonin and depression

Here is my first blog explaining acute tryptophan depletion studies (published in 2017) – Collagen and gelatin lower serotonin: does this increase your anxiety and depression?.

Tryptophan-depletion studies have been done for years, as a way to study the relationship between low serotonin and depression. Often a tryptophan-deficient amino acid mixture is used for this purpose. More recently, collagen and gelatin are being used.

Collagen and gelatin are an excellent source of these amino acids: proline, glycine, glutamine and arginine, but they do not contain the amino acid tryptophan.

This paper, Pharmacokinetics of acute tryptophan depletion using a gelatin-based protein in male and female Wistar rats summarizes what we find in a number of studies that use gelatin for the purpose of lowering serotonin levels, in order to study the relationship between serotonin and behavior:

The essential amino acid tryptophan is the precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin. By depleting the body of tryptophan, brain tryptophan and serotonin levels are temporarily reduced. In this paper, several experiments are described in which dose and treatment effects of acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) using a gelatin-based protein-carbohydrate mixture were studied in male and female Wistar rats.

I encourage you to read the above blog to learn about who may be more susceptible to these effects.

I also share my personal experience with collagen consumption and can totally relate to Bea’s story and what clients and those in my community have shared.

Toni used collagen for 8 months – anxiety and panic attacks are off the charts

Toni experienced something similar:

I’ve been using Organic collagen for about 8 months now… love the hair and skin results. My tummy felt better at first but not currently. My anxiety and panic attacks are off the charts: panic attacks, heart racing, sweating, brain fog. I want to escape – like fight or flight. Definitely obsessing and fears. Memory difficulty. I have an upcoming GI appointment to check for Candida /SIBO… but I had no idea this could add to my anxiety. I’ll be looking forward to more information, Seriously.

And a few weeks after stopping the collagen she shared this:

I stopped using collagen. Since then, my anxiety and panic have decreased by less than half. Mild in comparison. I’m definitely taking a long break.

Instead of stopping collagen altogether, my advice is to figure out if low serotonin is the cause and address this with tryptophan or 5-HTP so collagen can be used for its many anti-aging and health benefits.

Is their anxiety due to reduced serotonin or histamine, glutamate or oxalate issues

Keep in mind tryptophan will help and allow collagen, gelatin and broth to be consumed without the increase in anxiety and panic attacks (and sleep issues) only if it is due to low serotonin.

Presumably both Dea and her daughter have other low serotonin symptoms – in addition to anxiety and panic attacks – such as sleep issues, worry, fears, afternoon/evening cravings etc (here is the list of symptoms). As you can see from Toni’s feedback (above), she does have many low serotonin symptoms.

A trial of tryptophan and symptom reduction (initially until the ideal dose is found) will confirm symptoms are related to low serotonin very quickly. This will also help Dea with her nervousness and ruminating thoughts, help her daughter ease the feelings of panic and help Toni too.

It’s also often helpful to also rule out histamine, glutamate and oxalate issues from collagen, gelatin and broth intake – as all of these factors can contribute to an increase in anxiousness too.

Additional blog posts on the topic of collagen

In case you are new to these potential issues, here are additional blog posts on the topic:

If you are new to this topic and are still skeptical about all this, do read the many comments and stories on these blogs. It’s a way more common issue than you’d think!

Additional resources when you are new to using tryptophan and other amino acids as supplements

As always, I use the symptoms questionnaire to figure out if low serotonin or other neurotransmitter imbalances may be an issue.

If you suspect low levels of any of the neurotransmitters and do not yet have my book, The Antianxiety Food Solution – How the Foods You Eat Can Help You Calm Your Anxious Mind, Improve Your Mood, and End Cravings, I highly recommend getting it and reading it before jumping in and using amino acids on your own so you are knowledgeable. And be sure to share it with the practitioner/health team you or your loved one is working with.

If, after reading this blog and my book, you don’t feel comfortable figuring things out on your own (i.e. doing the symptoms questionnaire and respective amino acids trials), a good place to get help is the GABA QuickStart Program (if you have low GABA symptoms). This is a paid online/virtual group program where you get my guidance and community support. You can sign up to be notified when the next live launch is happening.

Wrapping up and your feedback

I appreciate Dea for sharing her story on the blog and for sharing this information at vitamin stores – we do need more awareness, hence this new blog on the topic to further help create awareness.

It’s very likely that this is one big contributing factor to the rise in anxiety and sleep issues in perimenopause and menopause. And this is probably made worse because so many practitioners are still not aware.

I thanked her for her kind words, and said I’ll take a virtual lunch and a virtual hug from her.

Have you experienced any adverse effects from collagen, gelatin or bone broth?

Have you been able to continue using them by adding tryptophan?

And why do you use collagen/how is it helping?

If you’re a practitioner are you aware of this issue for certain susceptible individuals?

Feel free to share and ask your questions below.

I feel so dependent on my nightly “cocktail” of GABA, 5-HTP, melatonin and Ambien for insomnia – how do I reduce them?

May 2, 2025 By Trudy Scott 3 Comments

I have had insomnia for years. I have used GABA Calm with good results and also 5-HTP, melatonin and Ambien. Recently I discovered I have mild sleep apnea and have made huge progress in modifying my night awakening.

With my sleep apnea issues addressed, I would like to try to reduce my supplements and the Ambien… but the thought of this causes more anxiety. I feel so dependent on my nightly “cocktail”.

What is the best way to reduce the fear of withdrawal and my nagging brain that tells me I “need” these things?

Many thanks for all the wonderful information you share!

Lynn asked this on one of the blogs and since it’s a common question I’m sharing my feedback in this new blog post. I’m pleased to hear she has discovered sleep apnea is a factor as it’s not always checked and it definitely can cause disrupted sleep and waking in the night.

There is no need to taper amino acids and melatonin but I typically have clients gradually reduce them, one at a time, especially when they are concerned and are not sure how much they may still be helping.

She has a nagging feeling she still needs these supplements, feels dependent on them and feels anxious about stopping. All of this, in conjunction with the fact that stopping a sleep medication such as Ambien can also cause rebound insomnia has me advising a go-slow approach in a situation like this. Also, Ambien does need to be tapered very slowly and under medical supervision, so she would need to keep this in mind too.

A go-slow approach and one amino acid at a time

Lynn may still need one or more of the GABA, 5-HTP and/or melatonin and we don’t want to lose any gains.

As mentioned above, there is no need to taper amino acids and melatonin but I typically have clients gradually reduce them, one at a time, especially when they are concerned and are not sure how much they may still be helping.

I would start with assessing other low GABA symptoms and other low serotonin symptoms and if there are none, start with reducing either GABA or 5-HTP over a few weeks, watching for worsening sleep or other symptoms showing up. She could then do the same with melatonin.

As a reminder, other than sleep issues (with physical tension at night), these are low GABA symptoms: feeling anxious with physical-tension and stiff-and-tense-muscles, overwhelm, feelings of panic, and the need to self-medicate to calm down, often with alcohol but sometimes with carbs and sugary foods. You can also experience anger, rage and agitation, poor focus, intrusive thoughts/overactive brain, spasms, visceral pain/belly pain with IBS and more. You can read the entire list of low GABA signs and symptoms here.

With low serotonin, we see sleep issues with ruminating thoughts and worry (at night too), and fears, phobias, ruminations, obsessing, feelings of panic, perfectionism and lack of confidence, low mood, rage, anger and irritability.

Lynn has a nagging feeling she still needs these supplements, feels dependent on them and feels anxious about stopping. All this is a clue she may still need them or at least need one or more to some extent. Doing a reverse-trial of reducing each one, one at a time, with careful tracking is my approach.

I would tackle the above amino acid and melatonin reduction – if she decides to go ahead with it – only AFTER she has worked with her prescribing doctor on a slow taper on the Ambien. Stopping a sleep medication such as Ambien can cause rebound insomnia/discontinuation syndrome and she may find she does still need nutritional support to tide her over the Ambien taper period. This may be the same as she is currently using or she may even need to adjust upwards on one or more.

Ambien: dependence, withdrawal, rebound insomnia, slow tapering, falls and memory issues

Ambien/Zolpidem “is a non-benzodiazepine receptor modulator primarily used in the …short-term treatment of insomnia aimed at patients with difficulty falling asleep,” increasing “GABA inhibitory effects leading to sedation.”

I seldom see it used short-term i.e. 7 to 10 days. With longer-term use, “this drug has a high potential for overuse and daily dependence” and “withdrawal symptoms may occur if the zolpidem dose is tapered off rapidly or discontinued.”

Other factors to be aware of:

Complex sleep behaviors can occur after using zolpidem, such as sleep-driving, sleep-walking, and engaging in activities while not fully awake
Changes in behavior and abnormal thinking have been reported after zolpidem administration. In addition, patients have demonstrated aggressiveness and extroversion uncommon for the person’s usual behavior
Worsening of depression or suicidal ideation may occur with zolpidem therapy

I encourage you to read the article here and be fully informed.

This 2024 paper supports that “long-term use of Zolpidem may lead to drug tolerance, dependence, rebound phenomena, and withdrawal symptoms, making discontinuation difficult.” Other concerns include: dizziness, headache, falls, and cognitive decline.

Many of the papers published prior to 2023 do not report many of these issues, however awareness is growing. This 2024 paper, Case report: Additional grounds for tighter regulation? A case series of five women with zolpidem dependence from a Brazilian women-specific substance use disorder outpatient service, also reports adverse effects in women such as “memory and social impairment, falls, seizures” and “withdrawal symptoms, including rebound insomnia, social impairment, and craving.”

The authors recommend tighter regulation, stating that: “The surge in zolpidem prescriptions, driven by its perceived safety and low abuse potential compared to benzodiazepines, may lead to a global health issue of dependence.”

Because of much of this it’s important to work with the prescribing doctor on doing a very slow taper under their medical supervision. She may need to adjust her amino acids up during the taper period if her sleep gets worse in the short-term. And then do the taper approach I mentioned at the start of this blog.

With these safety, dependence and withdrawal issues, I would love to see GABA, tryptophan/5-HTP and/or melatonin (and other nutritional and functional medicine approaches), addressing sleep apnea and lifestyle factors/sleep hygiene be considered as the first approach for sleep issues – instead of Ambien/Zolipdem.

Additional resources when you are new to using GABA, 5-HTP and other amino acids as supplements

As always, I use the symptoms questionnaire to figure out if low serotonin or low GABA or other neurotransmitter imbalances may be an issue.

If you suspect low levels of any of the neurotransmitters and do not yet have my book, The Antianxiety Food Solution – How the Foods You Eat Can Help You Calm Your Anxious Mind, Improve Your Mood, and End Cravings, I highly recommend getting it and reading it before jumping in and using amino acids on your own so you are knowledgeable. And be sure to share it with the practitioner/health team you or your loved one is working with.

If, after reading this blog and my book, you don’t feel comfortable figuring things out on your own (i.e. doing the symptoms questionnaire and respective amino acids trials), a good place to get help is the GABA QuickStart Program (if you have low GABA symptoms). This is a paid online/virtual group program where you get my guidance and community support.

Wrapping up and your feedback

I appreciate Lynn for asking this question and want to acknowledge that she is wise to be cautious and have concerns about the best way to tackle this. And she may find she does have a physical dependence on the Ambien.

Have you found that GABA, 5-HTP and/or melatonin helped/helps with your sleep issues?

And is sleep apnea a factor for you too?

And have you been prescribed Ambien and had any of the issues mentioned?

And how have you adjusted your amino acids and other sleep supplements as you’ve tapered your sleep medication?

Feel free to share your feedback and ask your questions below in the comments section.

Understanding the function of the GABAergic system and its potential role in rheumatoid arthritis (for pain, anxiety, sleep issues and more)

January 3, 2025 By Trudy Scott 2 Comments

This is a great question posed by a woman in my GABA/anxiety online group program:

Can GABA be good for rheumatoid arthritis, and in its early stages? If so, in what ways would someone see signs of improvement with GABA?

When I looked into some of the recent research on GABA and rheumatoid arthritis I was fascinated. A 2023 review paper, Understanding the function of the GABAergic system and its potential role in rheumatoid arthritis, discusses the relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune condition, and GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid), a calming neurotransmitter.

The authors discuss “a new mechanism of action in RA” and the fact that “bidirectional communication occurs between the brain and immune system…and neuroinflammatory responses in the brain.”

The paper discusses GABA and neurosignalling, immunomodulatory effects and inflammation, stating that the:

GABAergic system may modulate the abnormal pain response in RA patients.

So to answer her question, if she has low GABA levels we would expect to see some reduction in her RA pain.

As always, we look for the signs and symptoms of low GABA regardless of the diagnosis or possible diagnosis. So if someone has low GABA symptoms of physical tension, overwhelm, fears, anxiousness, stiff and tense muscles, focus issues, pain, stress eating or drinking to calm down, and poor sleep, we consider a trial of the amino acid GABA, and could expect improvements in all or some of the above symptoms.

I would also recommend that she tracks markers of inflammation (like hs CRP, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) and RA markers to see if they shift in a positive direction with her use of GABA too.

I share more below about the incidence of anxiety and sleep issues in rheumatoid arthritis and some of the mechanisms covered in the review paper. Also, there are lab tests to track and there are other nutritional approaches for supporting an autoimmune condition such as RA.

Some of the mechanisms covered in the review paper

This image from the paper and the explanation provides some insights on the mechanisms at play.

Glutamate interacts with glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65 and GAD67) to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Binding of GABA to GABA-A receptors inhibits macrophage activation and decreases the release of inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Antigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells, however, is impaired, inhibiting CD4⁺ T cell proliferation and differentiation and reducing the expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α.
Pain signaling activates the P38/MAPK pathway, whereas GABA binding to GABA-A receptors inhibits P38/MAPK. The P38/MAPK signaling pathway contributes to inflammation and is involved in the activation of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTFA), myocardin-related transcription factor B (MRTFB), and serum response factor (SRF) that played key roles in fibroblast activation.

gaba and rheumatoid arthritis — Figure 1. Understanding the function of the GABAergic system and its potential role in rheumatoid arthritis

The authors don’t mention the use of the amino acid GABA as a supplement for RA but do list a number of clinical trials (mostly diabetes patients) where GABA has been used with success. It’s a start and I look forward to future research in this area.

Anxiety, depression, insomnia, cognitive issues and stress-eating in RA

This paper, Psychiatric aspects of rheumatoid arthritis: Review of literature, reports that

Among the major psychiatric disorders found in RA, the anxiety and depressive disorders are prevalent (13 to 48% of patients), as well as suicide, insomnia and tiredness. The impairment of quality of life is markedly after age 65.

This paper, A 30-Day Adjunct Wellness Intervention for the Management of Extra-Articular Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Formative Study, also mentions “cognitive and physical dysfunction” and “stress-related eating” in addition to anxiety, depression and insomnia in RA patients.

Doing a trial of GABA (and other amino acids such as tryptophan and d-phenylalanine/ DPA), will confirm which symptoms are related to which neurotransmitter deficiencies. It’s exciting to consider a very possible role of GABA and other amino acids given the fact that “individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) continually fall short of treatment targets using standard drug therapies alone”

Looking further than GABA and other amino acids: a gluten-free diet and other root causes

With RA we obviously want to address more than just GABA (and other amino acids). Gluten removal is recommended but I do want to mention that the research is surprisingly mixed. This paper, Efficacy of gluten-free diet in patients with rheumatoid arthritis states that

Gluten seems to be a glycoprotein with a clinically relevant inflammatory effect. Several observational studies and anecdotal cases reported a correlation between gluten and various diseases, including autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. This study aimed to evaluate whether gluten-free diet could be effective in controlling inflammation and ongoing rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.

We report 4 cases of patients with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis with no response to several conventional and biotechnological drugs, treated with a gluten-free diet concurrently with the drug therapy. Our patients presented different degrees of response to the diet, in terms of disease remission and improvement of symptoms. Our cases confirm that a gluten-free diet may improve symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, even in patients resistant to conventional drug therapies.

Many other papers dismiss the role of gluten and inflammatory diets. This one is an example of a number of similar papers.

The benefits of addressing neurotransmitter imbalances with GABA and other amino acids means the addiction is stopped and quitting bread and cookies now no longer requires willpower,

Here are some autoimmune recipe resources:

In addition to dietary changes, a full functional medicine approach is warranted as there is much research supporting the benefits of the following for RA: omega-3 fatty acids, olive oil, low vitamin B6, addressing heavy metals such as mercury and much much more.

I cover 60+ root causes of anxiety here – I’d be carefully assessing each of these root causes for RA too.

Additional resources when you are new to using GABA and other amino acids as supplements

As always, I use the symptoms questionnaire to figure out if low serotonin or low GABA or other neurotransmitter imbalances may be an issue.

If you suspect low levels of any of the neurotransmitters and do not yet have my book, The Antianxiety Food Solution – How the Foods You Eat Can Help You Calm Your Anxious Mind, Improve Your Mood, and End Cravings, I highly recommend getting it and reading it before jumping in and using amino acids on your own so you are knowledgeable. And be sure to share it with the practitioner/health team you or your loved one is working with.

If, after reading this blog and my book, you don’t feel comfortable figuring things out on your own (i.e. doing the symptoms questionnaire and respective amino acids trials), a good place to get help is the GABA QuickStart Program (if you have low GABA symptoms). This is a paid online/virtual group program where you get my guidance and community support, and is where this question was asked of me during one of the live Q&A calls.

Wrapping up and your feedback

Do you have rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or another autoimmune condition and has GABA helped?

Were you aware of these possible connections?

What about dietary and nutritional approaches?

Feel free to share your feedback and ask your questions below.

Calming GABA, tryptophan to relinquish the evening bottle of red wine, theanine for focus and the pyroluria protocol

November 29, 2024 By Trudy Scott 5 Comments

gaba tryptophan theanine

I’m 61 years old postmenopausal. 2 GABA Calm under my tongue the second my eyes open in the morning. I keep it at the bedside. So that’s 250mg.

In the beginning I would also use two if I woke up at 2AM with a panic attack. That doesn’t happen as much anymore. I keep a bottle in my purse for panic attacks during the day. I haven’t had one of those in a couple of years. When I have a low stress week ahead, such as no social interaction scheduled, I go several days without any, but then that clutch in my chest reminds me to start back.

I also am diligent in treating my Pyroluria (diagnosed with a urine test)…it makes a difference. Daily zinc, B vitamins (especially 15mg methylfolate/day – check out the research papers on that dose being as effective as most antidepressants, I’m heterozygous not homozygous, MTHFR), Magnesium Threonate.

I am having good results with 1000 mg L-Tryptophan/day. I’ve just started adding another 1000mg/day in a bid to relinquish my evening bottle of red wine.

I keep a bottle of L-theanine on hand if I have a day ahead that I need to focus. ADHD does not improve with age!! I seriously liked it better in my day when my third-grade teacher labeled me a “dreamer”. Fortunately, I live on a farm and the cows don’t seem to mind that it takes me a bit to focus long enough to get the chores done.

I also have a regular yoga practice and I do physical work outside and in the winter use a SAD light.

I will also add that the last 8 months I have been in a very stressful family situation at home and the above regimen is holding.

If anyone has stuck with this wandering post to the end, don’t give up. Keep fighting to find what works for you.

Jennifer responded with the above in response to my question on Facebook about your starting GABA dose and if it’s changed over the years based on stress levels, hormone changes and life events.

I thanked her for sharing and for her encouraging words for others in the community and asked if I could share her feedback as a blog. She said yes saying “I have learned so very much from the stories of others on the page” – so here we are …

Stories offer hope, motivation and inspiration and we do learn so much from them.

I also told her that she is a poster child for how we want to use GABA and share more about that and her desire to relinquish her bottle of wine (and how amino acids make it easier) below.

She is a poster child for how we want to use GABA

Initially a higher dose of GABA may be needed and then as GABA levels increase and we also start to address other underlying root causes, less GABA is needed on a regular basis.

Initially Jennifer needed 4 x GABA Calm (for a total of 400mg/day) and then just 250mg GABA per day once she addressed pyroluria and B vitamin deficiencies. Yoga also supports GABA production.

On some low-stress days she doesn’t need any GABA at all, but she wisely keeps some in her purse for “panic attacks during the day” (but hasn’t had one in a couple of years).

She had struggled with perimenopause: “I must say that postmenopausal is a hell of a lot better, even with the paper thin skin and wrinkles, than the hell that was perimenopause!!!!”

And she did mention her phenyl-GABA mistake/ignorance and the fact that I helped her identify this issue 5 years ago. If you’re not aware, phenyl-GABA or phenibut can cause similar tolerance, dependence and discontinuation issues to benzodiazepines. More on phenibut here.

All of the above very likely contributed to her higher need for GABA initially.

Additional serotonin support to relinquish her evening bottle of red wine

Jennifer is already supporting her serotonin with 1000mg tryptophan per day, a SAD light in winter and physical exercise on the farm.

Afternoon and evening cravings are common when serotonin isn’t optimal – this can be carb/sugar cravings and/or also a need to self-medicate with wine. The first step is to recognize and acknowledge that a bottle of wine each evening is too much.

This amount of alcohol affects the liver, contributes to leaky gut, can cause blood sugar swings and reduces B vitamins, especially thiamine/vitamin B3. And it could also be considered an added “stress” if you have pyroluria.

Most of us are aware of these harmful effects and yet cannot easily quit. Her use of the word relinquish is a clue as to how she feels about this i.e. some common synonyms of relinquish are “abandon, resign, surrender” which “may suggest some regret, reluctance, or weakness.”

But because she understands the power of amino acids, she plans to increase her tryptophan from 1000mg to 2000mg to address this addiction without the need for willpower or with no feelings of regret or surrender.

If you are new to using this tryptophan for this purpose, this blog is worth reading: Tryptophan had the added benefit of turning me completely off alcohol when I took it to improve mood and sleep during perimenopause

Theanine for when she needs additional focus

Theanine provides a feeling of calm focus, offering support for the following neurotransmitters: GABA, serotonin and dopamine.

Jennifer also uses 400mg of theanine (Suntheanine) for her focus issues, using it only on days she needs it. She says “I rarely have a day when I would need more than 3-4 hours of paperwork concentration as my life on the farm and keeping up with grandchildren is more physical than mental focus.”

Now that she has used GABA, tryptophan and theanine with success, she has these amino acids in her toolbox whenever she needs them in the future and when she needs to increase the dose if the situation requires a change.

A few GABA product options – a sublingual and a powder

Jennifer used Source Naturals GABA Calm lozenges, a product I recommend. It’s a good low dose of 125 mg and is convenient and effective because it’s a sublingual lozenge.

Now GABA Powder is another product I use and recommend. It does need to be measured out to provide a 125 mg typical starting dose. I have clients use a handy mini measuring spoon like this one (my Amazon link) and share more about how to measure out GABA powder on this blog).

For Source Naturals GABA Calm lozenges and Now GABA Powder:

You can purchase these from my online store (Fullscript – only available to US customers – use this link to set up an account).
If you’re not in the US, you can purchase these at iherb (use this link to save 5%).

Additional resources when you are new to using GABA, tryptophan and other amino acids as supplements

As always, I use the symptoms questionnaire to figure out if low GABA, low serotonin or other neurotransmitter imbalances may be an issue.

If you suspect low levels of any of the neurotransmitters and do not yet have my book, The Antianxiety Food Solution – How the Foods You Eat Can Help You Calm Your Anxious Mind, Improve Your Mood, and End Cravings, I highly recommend getting it and reading it before jumping in and using amino acids on your own so you are knowledgeable. And be sure to share it with the practitioner/health team you or your loved one is working with.

If, after reading this blog and my book, you don’t feel comfortable figuring things out on your own (i.e. doing the symptoms questionnaire and respective amino acids trials), a good place to get help is the GABA QuickStart Program (if you have low GABA symptoms). This is a paid online/virtual group program where you get my guidance and community support.

Wrapping up and your feedback

I appreciate Jennifer for sharing and giving me permission to share her story on the blog. Despite the wine and her very stressful family situation I am thrilled she says she is doing well. I also love that she ends with this: “… don’t give up. Keep fighting to find what works for you.”

I’d love to hear from you – has any of this worked for you?

Feel free to share about your GABA success and how much it helps you and if this has changed over time. And let us know what you feel has contributed to the need for less or more GABA i.e. which other root causes have you addressed?

Feel free to share if tryptophan (or another amino acid) has helped with quitting wine or another alcoholic beverage.

And do share if you use theanine for calm focus.

Feel free to share and ask your questions below.