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L-Theanine is a “unique non-protein amino acid found in green tea” which according to the study below, has shown benefits when used short-term or acutely as a supplement for it’s anti-stress effects, reducing anxiety, improving sleep quality, improving cognition and even easing depression.

This 2019 study, Effects of L-Theanine Administration on Stress-Related Symptoms and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial, aimed to examine the effects of four weeks use of l-theanine:

on stress-related symptoms and cognitive functions in healthy adults. Participants were 30 individuals (nine men and 21 women; aged 20-69) who had no major psychiatric illness.

The trial was randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover, and double-blind.

L-theanine (200 mg/day of Suntheanine), was used by study participants before going to bed each night and was used for four-weeks.

Study participants who used the theanine for two weeks observed the following:

For sleep: Reductions in sleep latency (the amount of time it takes to fall asleep), sleep disturbance and less use of sleep medication
For cognitive function: Improvements in verbal fluency (especially letter fluency) and improvements in executive function (planning, multi-tasking etc)

The Japanese versions of The Self-rating Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-trait, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores decreased and the study concludes as follows:

Our findings suggest that L-theanine has the potential to promote mental health in the general population with stress-related ailments and cognitive impairments.

The authors also note that “there were no significant adverse events, demonstrating the safety of four weeks of L-theanine administration.”

As expected, the participants saw increases in serum theanine concentrations. What is unusual and inconsistent with previous studies, is the fact that there was “no significant effect on cortisol or immunoglobulin A levels in the saliva or serum.” I’m not sure I understand the reasoning they propose i.e. that “the reduction of salivary cortisol and immunoglobulin A levels may be short term, recoverable effect of L-theanine administration.” I’ll be digging deeper into this to try and get a better understanding of these differences.

Some of the reported possible mechanisms of action

Here are some of the reported possible mechanisms of action of theanine from some studies referenced in his paper:

via glutamate receptors (improving cognitive dysfunction)
as a neuroprotective agent and “increases in brain serotonin, dopamine, GABA levels” (improving mood and focus and reducing anxiety)
enhances hippocampal activity (the hippocampus has a major role in learning and memory)
via a proposed increase in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus (BDNF is a protein implicated in the stress response, long-term memory, Alzheimer’s disease, and psychiatric disorders)

Theanine or GABA – which one to use when?

I typically start my clients with a trial of GABA Calm for low GABA symptoms like physical tension, stress and overwhelm, panic attacks and insomnia. If we are not getting all the expected benefits with GABA and there is a need for added cognitive benefits then we’ll consider adding theanine too. Some folks find one works better than the other and some like a combination (at the same time or theanine in the day/GABA at night or GABA in the day/theanine at night).

I recently reached out on facebook asking: “Theanine or GABA? Which do you prefer for anxiety and why? How much helps? And any other benefits (like reduced body pain, better thinking/cognition, easing IBS gut pain, reduced cravings, less negative self-talk etc)?Or do you like a combination of both?”

As you can see from these varied responses it’s a matter or trialing both to find what works for each person’s unique needs:

Lorraine shared this: “They are both good, but I reach for GABA Calm first.. 2 or 3 lozenges. If anxiety doesn’t leave quickly with GABA ( which works well for a panic attack), and I continue to have anxiety humming along in the background, then I’ll reach for theanine.”
Jackie shared this: “I take 200mg theanine in morning, then 100mg GABA around 4pm, when the kids get home from school. I had a panic attack in the middle of the night last week, took GABA 100 mg, then seemed to calm down.” I asked if theanine gives her a feeling of calm focus and she said: “yes, I think so. I noticed if I take 200mg of GABA, it makes me drowsy.”
Evelyn shared this: “I use both at night for sleep. If I could only use one it would be l-theanine.” Theanine is more consistently helpful for stress reduction and sleep for me. I use 200mg. When I use GABA it’s 500mg of chewables.”
Sara shared this: “GABA during the day, theanine at night.”
Karine shared this: “GABA!! The Source Naturals Theanine Serene with Holy Basil is really good. But GABA Calm (also Source Naturals which is a sublingual lozenge) is the only thing for a severe issue/episode and helps me concentrate right before an important presentation at work etc. Pure GABA from any supplier is good for long periods where you need a boost or to tone down general anxiety. I also bought a probiotic that also includes GABA (Jarrodophilus Mood) and notice it improves digestion too.”

You can find my favorite GABA/theanine combination product, a theanine-only product and my most popular GABA products on the supplements blog here (and with details for how to set up an account for my online store)

Nutritional Fundamentals for Health GABA-T SAP: 300mg GABA, 150mg theanine. This is pleasant-tasting when opened on to the tongue and works very well when GABA Calm can’t be used.

Pure Encapsulations L-Theanine: 200mg theanine. This is also pleasant-tasting when opened on to the tongue. Unlike like GABA, it can also be swallowed.

Source Naturals GABA Calm. This is a pleasant-tasting sublingual product that is my most popular and most effective form of GABA I use with my clients. It can be used in conjunction with theanine.

Enzymatic Therapy GABA: 250 mg GABA. This is also pleasant-tasting when opened on to the tongue and works very well when GABA Calm can’t be used. It can also be used in conjunction with theanine.

Please let us know … theanine or GABA: which do you prefer for anxiety and why? How much helps? And any other benefits (like reduced body pain, better thinking/cognition, easing IBS gut pain, reduced cravings, less negative self-talk etc)? Or do you like a combination of both?”

Buddy Benches or Friendship Benches are being used in many countries around the world in schools to help children who feel lonely or are shy or anxious. I propose we do something similar for introverted adults with social anxiety, shyness and feelings of overwhelm or intimidation when they attend conferences.

This BBC article, How ‘Buddy Benches’ are making playtime less lonely shares this about how they are helping children fit in more:

The school playground can be a lonely place for a child if they haven’t got anyone to play with. But a special type of bench is helping pupils make friends.

The idea is simple – if a child feels lonely, they can go to the bench as a signal that they need someone to play with. Another child will see them, go and talk to them and include them in their games.

Also from the BBC article, we learn that Buddy Bench Ireland is taking it a step further and trying to do something different with them, using the bench to engender empathy and as

a reminder for children of things like communication, mutual support and opening up about feelings

Other objectives of these Buddy Benches in schools is:

reducing social isolation
improving mental wellbeing
end bullying

I propose we take these Buddy Benches – that work so well with children – to another level and set them up at conferences for adults too. I believe they could work very well for introverts (who make up around 50% of the population) with social anxiety and/or anyone feeling overwhelmed and/or intimidated and/or shy.

I get kickback when I talk about introverts feeling socially anxious but it’s common as you can see by these comments from introverted individuals

It isn’t always a comfortable place to be when I must be in a crowd.
The hardest aspect of living life as in introvert is we all live in an extroverted world. School pushes kids to do group projects, that are just awkward and when you don’t do well in it you’re doing something wrong or something is wrong with you. The moment I step out of the door I am no longer me, I am a character that has to put on a show in order to succeed in the work place.
Sometimes I can communicate with friends well and sometimes I fake it really badly. I always wonder if people can see past my half smile and fake laugh. It’s painful to be honest. But there are times when I don’t mind so much.

One big question is this: would adults use one or would they feel more self-conscious than children? Would they worry more about what others will think if they sit down at an empty bench waiting for someone to join them, essentially saying “I’m shy” or “I’m anxious” or “I’m an introvert” or “I feel intimidated”?

In the BBC article they address this stigma and worry aspect:

But do children actually use the bench? And are they worried about how it makes them look?

“They don’t see it as stigmatised,” says Sinead McGilloway, director of the Centre for Mental Health and Community Research at Maynooth University, who led a study of 117 pupils at three schools which have benches.

Forty per cent of the children she questioned said they had used the bench, and 90% said if they saw someone else sitting on it they would talk to them.

I have these questions for you about using a Buddy Bench at a business or health conference:

1) How likely are you to use a Buddy Bench as an adult diagnosed with social anxiety and/or know you have the social anxiety condition called pyroluria and you’re working to address your symptoms with nutrients but are not quite there yet.

2) How likely are you to use a Buddy Bench as an adult who identifies with being an introvert and are easily overwhelmed at the networking and mingling aspects that comes when you attend a conference?

3) How likely are you to use a Buddy Bench as an adult who feels shy and/or easily overwhelmed and/or intimidated in new settings with large groups of people you don’t know?

4) How likely are you to be the “Big Buddy” (I just made this term up because it makes me think of Big Brother or Big Sister) and go up to someone sitting on a designated Buddy Bench in order to offer moral support, conversation, connection, encouragement and kindness?

Of course, I love the idea of these Buddy Benches and would have used one for support and connection in the past. I have pyroluria and used to have dreadful social anxiety (and considered myself an introvert). But now that I’m on the pyroluria protocol I feel like a social butterfly and I am very relaxed at big group events. I would definitely go and buddy-up with someone looking for support.

And let’s not forget that Buddy Benches are just one part of the solution – for both children and adults – and we don’t want to forget food, nutrients and functional medicine:

While you’re figuring out the role of diet, gut health, adrenal/thyroid health, toxin exposure etc, a good place to start is to assess for and address low GABA and low serotonin with the amino acids GABA and tryptophan. This provides quick nutritional support for worry, fear, anxiety, tension, overwhelm, lack of confidence and feelings of intimidation.
My next step would be to assess for and address pyroluria with zinc and B6 (and other key nutrients) to help ease and often eliminate the social anxiety completely. Believe it or not, there is a strong connection between pyroluria and introversion and many of my clients and folks in my community no longer feel introverted when they address their pyroluria. I write about this in another blog: Am I an anxious introvert because of low zinc and vitamin B6?

Feel free to comment and let us know what you think about Buddy Benches for adults. Do you have other ideas as to where these adult Buddy Benches could be used?

Let us know if you’ve seen these Buddy Benches work successfully with children and what ideas we could take away to get similar results for adults using them.

And do share if a nutritional approach or if addressing pyroluria has eased your social anxiety, and maybe got you wondering if you are an introvert after all.

Feel free to post your questions too.