overwhelm

I feel so dependent on my nightly “cocktail” of GABA, 5-HTP, melatonin and Ambien for insomnia – how do I reduce them?

May 2, 2025 By Trudy Scott 3 Comments

I have had insomnia for years. I have used GABA Calm with good results and also 5-HTP, melatonin and Ambien. Recently I discovered I have mild sleep apnea and have made huge progress in modifying my night awakening.

With my sleep apnea issues addressed, I would like to try to reduce my supplements and the Ambien… but the thought of this causes more anxiety. I feel so dependent on my nightly “cocktail”.

What is the best way to reduce the fear of withdrawal and my nagging brain that tells me I “need” these things?

Many thanks for all the wonderful information you share!

Lynn asked this on one of the blogs and since it’s a common question I’m sharing my feedback in this new blog post. I’m pleased to hear she has discovered sleep apnea is a factor as it’s not always checked and it definitely can cause disrupted sleep and waking in the night.

There is no need to taper amino acids and melatonin but I typically have clients gradually reduce them, one at a time, especially when they are concerned and are not sure how much they may still be helping.

She has a nagging feeling she still needs these supplements, feels dependent on them and feels anxious about stopping. All of this, in conjunction with the fact that stopping a sleep medication such as Ambien can also cause rebound insomnia has me advising a go-slow approach in a situation like this. Also, Ambien does need to be tapered very slowly and under medical supervision, so she would need to keep this in mind too.

A go-slow approach and one amino acid at a time

Lynn may still need one or more of the GABA, 5-HTP and/or melatonin and we don’t want to lose any gains.

As mentioned above, there is no need to taper amino acids and melatonin but I typically have clients gradually reduce them, one at a time, especially when they are concerned and are not sure how much they may still be helping.

I would start with assessing other low GABA symptoms and other low serotonin symptoms and if there are none, start with reducing either GABA or 5-HTP over a few weeks, watching for worsening sleep or other symptoms showing up. She could then do the same with melatonin.

As a reminder, other than sleep issues (with physical tension at night), these are low GABA symptoms: feeling anxious with physical-tension and stiff-and-tense-muscles, overwhelm, feelings of panic, and the need to self-medicate to calm down, often with alcohol but sometimes with carbs and sugary foods. You can also experience anger, rage and agitation, poor focus, intrusive thoughts/overactive brain, spasms, visceral pain/belly pain with IBS and more. You can read the entire list of low GABA signs and symptoms here.

With low serotonin, we see sleep issues with ruminating thoughts and worry (at night too), and fears, phobias, ruminations, obsessing, feelings of panic, perfectionism and lack of confidence, low mood, rage, anger and irritability.

Lynn has a nagging feeling she still needs these supplements, feels dependent on them and feels anxious about stopping. All this is a clue she may still need them or at least need one or more to some extent. Doing a reverse-trial of reducing each one, one at a time, with careful tracking is my approach.

I would tackle the above amino acid and melatonin reduction – if she decides to go ahead with it – only AFTER she has worked with her prescribing doctor on a slow taper on the Ambien. Stopping a sleep medication such as Ambien can cause rebound insomnia/discontinuation syndrome and she may find she does still need nutritional support to tide her over the Ambien taper period. This may be the same as she is currently using or she may even need to adjust upwards on one or more.

Ambien: dependence, withdrawal, rebound insomnia, slow tapering, falls and memory issues

Ambien/Zolpidem “is a non-benzodiazepine receptor modulator primarily used in the …short-term treatment of insomnia aimed at patients with difficulty falling asleep,” increasing “GABA inhibitory effects leading to sedation.”

I seldom see it used short-term i.e. 7 to 10 days. With longer-term use, “this drug has a high potential for overuse and daily dependence” and “withdrawal symptoms may occur if the zolpidem dose is tapered off rapidly or discontinued.”

Other factors to be aware of:

Complex sleep behaviors can occur after using zolpidem, such as sleep-driving, sleep-walking, and engaging in activities while not fully awake
Changes in behavior and abnormal thinking have been reported after zolpidem administration. In addition, patients have demonstrated aggressiveness and extroversion uncommon for the person’s usual behavior
Worsening of depression or suicidal ideation may occur with zolpidem therapy

I encourage you to read the article here and be fully informed.

This 2024 paper supports that “long-term use of Zolpidem may lead to drug tolerance, dependence, rebound phenomena, and withdrawal symptoms, making discontinuation difficult.” Other concerns include: dizziness, headache, falls, and cognitive decline.

Many of the papers published prior to 2023 do not report many of these issues, however awareness is growing. This 2024 paper, Case report: Additional grounds for tighter regulation? A case series of five women with zolpidem dependence from a Brazilian women-specific substance use disorder outpatient service, also reports adverse effects in women such as “memory and social impairment, falls, seizures” and “withdrawal symptoms, including rebound insomnia, social impairment, and craving.”

The authors recommend tighter regulation, stating that: “The surge in zolpidem prescriptions, driven by its perceived safety and low abuse potential compared to benzodiazepines, may lead to a global health issue of dependence.”

Because of much of this it’s important to work with the prescribing doctor on doing a very slow taper under their medical supervision. She may need to adjust her amino acids up during the taper period if her sleep gets worse in the short-term. And then do the taper approach I mentioned at the start of this blog.

With these safety, dependence and withdrawal issues, I would love to see GABA, tryptophan/5-HTP and/or melatonin (and other nutritional and functional medicine approaches), addressing sleep apnea and lifestyle factors/sleep hygiene be considered as the first approach for sleep issues – instead of Ambien/Zolipdem.

Additional resources when you are new to using GABA, 5-HTP and other amino acids as supplements

As always, I use the symptoms questionnaire to figure out if low serotonin or low GABA or other neurotransmitter imbalances may be an issue.

If you suspect low levels of any of the neurotransmitters and do not yet have my book, The Antianxiety Food Solution – How the Foods You Eat Can Help You Calm Your Anxious Mind, Improve Your Mood, and End Cravings, I highly recommend getting it and reading it before jumping in and using amino acids on your own so you are knowledgeable. And be sure to share it with the practitioner/health team you or your loved one is working with.

There is an entire chapter on the amino acids and they are discussed throughout the book in the sections on gut health, gluten, blood sugar control (this is covered in an entire chapter too), sugar cravings, anxiety and mood issues.

The book doesn’t include product names (per the publisher’s request) so this blog, The Antianxiety Food Solution Amino Acid and Pyroluria Supplements, lists the amino acids that I use with my individual clients and those in my group programs.

If, after reading this blog and my book, you don’t feel comfortable figuring things out on your own (i.e. doing the symptoms questionnaire and respective amino acids trials), a good place to get help is the GABA QuickStart Program (if you have low GABA symptoms). This is a paid online/virtual group program where you get my guidance and community support.

If you are a practitioner, join us in The Balancing Neurotransmitters: the Fundamentals program. This is also a paid online/virtual program with an opportunity to interact with me and other practitioners who are also using the amino acids.

Wrapping up and your feedback

I appreciate Lynn for asking this question and want to acknowledge that she is wise to be cautious and have concerns about the best way to tackle this. And she may find she does have a physical dependence on the Ambien.

Have you found that GABA, 5-HTP and/or melatonin helped/helps with your sleep issues?

And is sleep apnea a factor for you too?

And have you been prescribed Ambien and had any of the issues mentioned?

And how have you adjusted your amino acids and other sleep supplements as you’ve tapered your sleep medication?

Feel free to share your feedback and ask your questions below in the comments section.

I ran out of GABA and was so irritable and quick to rage (impacting my relationship with my son.) Back on it and feel so much calmer.

April 18, 2025 By Trudy Scott 5 Comments

Kaurie shared this feedback in the Facebook community:

I haven’t been taking my GABA for awhile (I ran out and forgot to order) and was soooo irritable and quick to rage. Back on it and feel sooo much calmer. Hopefully that’s the trick or I’m not sure what to do as it’s impacting my relationship with my son.

It’s not a good thing when it starts to impact your relationships. I was curious what this looked like for her and when I asked she shared this:

Any little thing will trigger me i.e. I couldn’t log onto my booktopia account- I ended up throwing my phone so hard it smashed (I had to buy a new phone which I couldn’t afford at the time). I get irritable at the tiniest things.

The good news is that a few days later she shared this: “GABA definitely seems to be helping!”

I’m thrilled for her and these great results, and appreciate her sharing and allowing me to share! I hope this continues to improve her relationship with her son and in other areas of her life too.

And in case you’re wondering, once you know your ideal dose of GABA it does work that quickly, provided it’s used sublingually, capsule opened, in powder or liposomal form or as a cream.

What we typically see with low GABA levels and some less-recognized signs

Low GABA is typically associated with feeling anxious with physical-tension and stiff-and-tense-muscles. The other common symptoms we see with low GABA are overwhelm, feelings of panic, and the need to self-medicate to calm down, often with alcohol but sometimes with carbs and sugary foods.

Sleep problems can also be caused by low GABA and you’ll experience physical tension with this (rather than the ruminating thoughts and worry which is the low serotonin type of insomnia). It’s not uncommon to experience both low GABA and low serotonin.

You can also experience anger, rage and agitation when GABA levels are low – this is not as recognized as the more common anxiety-related low GABA signs. You can read the entire list of low GABA signs and symptoms here.

This list includes other less-recognized signs of low GABA such as: inability to prioritize planned actions, poor focus/ADHD and spinning, intrusive thoughts/overactive brain, fear of heights, rectal spasms, visceral pain/belly pain with IBS, bladder pain/interstitial cystitis and urgency, Lyme-induced anxiety, globus pharyngeus (lump in the throat) and laryngospasms/“choking” episodes/swallowing problems, poor sensorimotor skills and sound and tactile hypersensitivity

Some possible GABA/glutamate mechanisms that may trigger rage and irritability

A letter, Tiagabine for Rage, Aggression, and Anxiety, published in the Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences in 2015, offers some indirect support for this GABA rage observation. They are discussing patients with treatment-resistant rage and aggression and they propose that:

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, may be critical in the neurochemical control of aggressive behavior.

They share that the prescription medication called Tiagabine, a selective GABA reuptake inhibitor (SGRI), increases synaptic GABA availability. They report that 20 out of 36 patients aged 15-54 years (69%):

with symptoms of rage, aggression, or anxiety in association with one or more of the following disorders: bipolar, intermittent explosive, major depression, panic disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or substance abuse …demonstrated a good or excellent response to tiagabine, with reduction or elimination of the symptoms of rage, aggression, or anxiety.

This paper, looks at females with bipolar disorder and ADHD and discusses the role of glutamate and GABA in impulsivity and aggression: “On a neurochemical level, glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are considered important regulatory metabolites.”

GABA likely also helps quickly because of reduced anxiety, improved sleep, and being easily able to quit or eat less sugar, and quit alcohol too.

Based on some research I’ve found and my experience with GABA, I suspect GABA may also help in these ways over a longer period: countering a histamine reaction, reducing inflammation and impacting cytokines, improving progesterone levels, beneficial impacts on the microbiome, supporting the liver and toxin removal (such as fluorides), gut healing and reducing high blood pressure.

Low serotonin and low dopamine, as well as low GABA

Rage and anger has always been associated with low serotonin but we now know other neurotransmitters are involved too. The authors of Aggressive behavior and three neurotransmitters: dopamine, GABA, and serotonin–a review of the last 10 years state this:

The regulation of aggression by a wide spectrum of neurotransmitters is well known.

Serotonin has shown both inhibitory and stimulating effects on aggressive behavior, depending on the brain region measured and specific receptors where it acts.

Dopamine and the mesocorticolimbic system associated with reward seeking behavior are also associated with aggression. Dopamine can sometimes enhance aggression and sometimes reduce the impulsivity that might lead to abnormal aggression.

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter, and its relationship with aggressive behavior is extremely complex and highly associated with serotonin.

We use tryptophan and/or 5-HTP when there is rage, anger, irritability and other low serotonin symptoms of worry, fears, ruminations, obsessing, feelings of panic, perfectionism and lack of confidence. I have seen these amino acids change lives.

We use tyrosine for low dopamine symptoms of low mood, low motivation, poor focus and low energy. I have yet to see tyrosine help with anger, anger and irritability but it makes sense that it would reduce the impulsivity that may lead to an anger outburst or “abnormal aggression.” Interestingly I have seen tyrosine actually be calming for a few individuals. It’s highly unusual but it does happen from time to time, as this gentleman experienced.

GABA for rage, dark moods, OCD and histamine flares

Here are some additional blog posts on similar topics:

GABA helps ease symptoms of anger, rage, and dark moods (symptoms we typically associate with low serotonin)

My son who is 19 and on the autism spectrum was having issues with outbursts of anger and stuttering. These issues seemed to worsen during his senior year of high school. Since starting GABA and tailoring his dosage from Trudy’s instruction and feedback, we have seen a 90% reduction in stuttering and 80% reduction in anger and outbursts. We have done many supplemental protocols over the years and this is one of the few we have seen have an impact.

GABA worked amazingly for 18-year-old during a MCAS/histamine flare, helping with OCD, anxiety, rage and skin issues

GABA worked amazingly for us during a flare! Flares began with OCD [obsessive compulsive disorder]and anxiety increasing before our eyes and then the rage followed.

Additional resources when you are new to using GABA and other amino acids as supplements

As always, I use the symptoms questionnaire to figure out if low serotonin or low GABA or other neurotransmitter imbalances may be an issue.

Wrapping up and your feedback

Have you found that GABA helps your rage and irritability issues? How do they show up for you and does this also impact your relationships?

Or do you find serotonin support with tryptophan or 5-HTP help more?

Or have you found tyrosine (to support low dopamine) works best for you?
Or is it a combination of the above?

Feel free to share your feedback and ask your questions below in the comments section.

Mouth-taping for improved sleep, the image of vertical taping that changed my mind and GABA and serotonin support if you still feel anxious

March 28, 2025 By Trudy Scott 19 Comments

mouth taping

I had been exploring mouth-breathing and using mouth-taping for my own personal use when I came across this paper, The Impact of Mouth-Taping in Mouth-Breathers with Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea. I had tried mouth-taping a few times but it felt uncomfortable to completely seal my mouth with the large piece of tape I was seeing various health practitioners recommend. And to be honest, it also felt a little scary too, even though I already use tryptophan and GABA for sleep and anxiety.

As soon as I saw the image of the man with a narrow strip of mouth-tape it gave me confidence to start mouth-taping again and I haven’t looked back! I don’t have mild obstructive sleep apnea and don’t snore but I was aware I was starting to mouth-breathe and sleep with a slightly open mouth because of waking with an incredibly dry mouth.

I do not go a single night without it and love the benefits of improved sleep and more energy the next day, and no more dry mouth during the night. I know it’s reducing future tooth decay too.

I share more about the paper, where I first learned about mouth-taping (and an image of sealing the mouth completely) and how GABA and tryptophan may help alleviate any fear and anxiety you may still have about taping your mouth closed at night.

The image that changed my mind and excerpts from the mouth-taping paper

This is the image I’m referring to: the man on the top right with his mouth taped (as circled in yellow). You can see he has a narrow piece of tape, used vertically, instead of a wide piece of tape placed horizontally across his entire mouth/lips (I share an example of the latter below).

As you can see in the image above, there is a difference in “airflow during mouth-breathing vs. nasal-breathing” as indicated by the blue arrows.

Here is the study objective:

Many patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are mouth-breathers. Mouth-breathing not only narrows the upper airway, consequently worsening the severity of obstructive sleep apnea, but also it affects compliance with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. This study aimed to investigate changes in obstructive sleep apnea by the use of mouth tape in mouth-breathers with mild obstructive sleep apnea.

And the conclusion:

Mouth-taping during sleep improved snoring and the severity of sleep apnea in mouth-breathers with mild obstructive sleep apnea, with AHI (apnea/hypopnea index) and SI (snoring index) being reduced by about half. The higher the level of baseline AHI and SI, the greater the improvement was shown after mouth-taping.

Mouth-taping could be an alternative treatment in patients with mild obstructive sleep apnea before turning to CPAP therapy or surgical intervention.

The snoring index is the number of snoring events per hour. And according to the Cleveland Clinic, the AHI /apnea/hypopnea index “identifies how many times your breathing slows or stops during an hour of sleep. You might see an AHI after a sleep study or on a CPAP machine.

The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is the average number of times you stop breathing (apneas) and have shallow breathing events (hypopneas) per hour of sleep.

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine uses a range to categorize the severity of apnea and hypopnea events in adults:

Mild: Five to fewer than 15 events per hour
Moderate: 15 to fewer than 30 events per hour
Severe: 30 or more events per hour”

In the above mouth-taping study, both the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and snoring index were reduced by about half, which I find impressive.

They used 3M tape that was “easy to adhere, easy to remove, and non-allergenic.”

My first introduction to mouth-taping and an example of taping your entire mouth with horizontal tape

This interview and taping demo with Mike Mutzel and Mark Burhenne was my first introduction to mouth-taping. It’s a fascinating interview and the benefits are numerous – do read the highlights and watch the interview.

As you can see, Dr. Mark Burhenne tapes his entire mouth with horizontal tape. This approach did not work for me and I gave up after a few tries.

mouth taping

If you have considered taping in the past and were put off or afraid because of this approach of taping the entire mouth, I’m hoping my insights below about taping vertically and the above study will get you trying it again.

How I tape my mouth and what I use

As mentioned above, I use a narrow strip of hypoallergenic paper tape that I simply tear off the roll each night. I sometimes use the same piece for a second night. I use lip ice/lip balm before taping as that prevents the tape from actually sticking to my lips. It feels more comfortable this way and still keeps my mouth closed. And it also allows me to cough and sneeze without feeling like I’ll lose skin on my lips. I can also sort of talk, although not very clearly, and it makes it easy to remove.

I do not go to bed without taping and it has added another element to improving my sleep. I do this together with the amino acids GABA, theanine and tryptophan, magnesium, Seriphos for high cortisol (when it’s high), eating low oxalates and calcium to counter the effects of oxalates, and avoiding EMFs).

If needed, I can slide a GABA Calm into my mouth without removing the tape. I will do this if I happen to need it due to waking in the middle of the night and not being able to get back to sleep.

If you are still fearful and anxious about trying this: serotonin and GABA support

If you are still fearful about taping your mouth closed at night, know you’re not alone! It felt a bit scary to me when I first started taping and I even yanked it off a few times during the night.

Trying it out in the daytime first definitely helps to get used to it. And it’s ok to test-drive taping for a few hours at night initially, and pulling it off later in the night.

Also, be sure to address low serotonin if you have low serotonin type of worry, ruminating, negative self-talk type of anxiety. With this type of anxiety, fears and phobias, and feelings of panic can be heightened. Personally, I use tryptophan and theanine for my low serotonin and also recommend this for clients and those in my group online programs. Keep in mind that some individuals do better with 5-HTP than tryptophan.

When you feel anxious, it’s common to have low GABA type of physical tension and anxiety. This may also make mouth-taping feel too overwhelming and give you feelings of panic. I’m a GABA girl myself and use GABA every night. I’m also getting some GABA support from the theanine I use. I know both are firm favorites with clients and group program members.

And, of course, an added bonus is that by addressing low serotonin and low GABA, we also address sleep issues which is a common sign of low levels of both these neurotransmitters.

Additional resources when you are new to using tryptophan, 5-HTP, GABA and other amino acids as supplements

As always, I use the symptoms questionnaire to figure out if low serotonin or low GABA or other neurotransmitter imbalances may be an issue.

Wrapping up and your feedback

Have you used vertical mouth-taping and if yes how has it helped you? Or are you fine with horizontal taping and covering your entire mouth? I’d love to hear how you tape, what tape you use and if you also use lip balm/lip ice before taping.

And if you have words of wisdom for newbies who may need some encouragement feel free to share this too!

I am curious if you have also used GABA, theanine, tryptophan or 5-HTP for overcoming the fear of mouth-taping and continue to use one or more of these amino acids for sleep support too?

Feel free to share your feedback and ask your questions below in the comments section.

The morning after a spine surgery, I had an anxiety attack and insisted on being allowed to take my GABA, which helped

February 28, 2025 By Trudy Scott 12 Comments

I’d been taking GABA before [my spine] surgery and really didn’t want to have to discontinue it. My surgeons have always insisted on me going off supplements in the week or more leading to surgery.

I’m sure they don’t want to have to be well versed on everything a person might be taking so they only allow prescription drugs.

The morning after the spine surgery, I had an anxiety attack and insisted on being allowed to take my GABA, which helped.

GABA helps tremendously in preventing me waking in the middle of the night or early morning in a panic. I take 500mg of NOW GABA sublingually before bed. I also take tryptophan and magnesium glycinate at bedtime and believe they help a bit, but GABA is the most effective.

It would be really helpful to be able to take needed supplements right up to surgery time.

LM posted this in response to my blog: GABA and theanine for sedation, anxiety, and cognition in preoperative surgical patients (a randomized controlled study) (more on this below).

She also said “This would be really nice” if doctors knew this! I’m with her – it would be really nice if doctors were aware of this research and allowed patients to use GABA and theanine right up to surgery and right afterwards too. This is especially relevant given the fact that GABA lowers blood pressure and high blood pressure is common after surgery (more on this below too).

Hopefully this GABA/theanine surgery research and the GABA/high blood pressure research will start to shift perspectives and guidelines, especially since increased anxiety also impacts the outcome of surgery. I share more on the research and my insights below.

The study: GABA and theanine are calming before a surgical procedure and don’t cause too much drowsiness

If you missed the blog post and study I shared above, here is the overview:

This novel study was planned to study and compare the effects of L-theanine and GABA on anxiety, sedation, and cognition in preoperative patients posted for major elective surgeries under general anesthesia.

The conclusion is that:

GABA and L-theanine result in effective preoperative anxiolysis with minimal sedation and improvement of cognitive skills.

In other words, both these amino acids are calming before a surgical procedure, don’t cause too much drowsiness and improve cognition.

Study participants used 500 mg GABA and 200 mg of theanine – but dosing is unique

The authors had the study participants use 500 mg GABA and 200 mg of theanine. Both were used as capsules and swallowed. If you’ve been following my work, you’re aware that I find sublingual (or powder or liposomal or topical) use of GABA to be more effective than swallowing a capsule. For this reason it’s possible that using a lower dose sublingually may be as effective or possibly even more effective.

As always, dosing of GABA (and other amino acids such as theanine) is individualized to the unique needs of the person. Ideally, the person has figured out their optimal dose for easing anxiety in their day to day life before going in for surgery. They may find that a higher dose is needed the weeks leading up to surgery and the day of surgery.

As LM shared, she uses “500mg of NOW GABA sublingually before bed”, and presumably started with a lower dose and worked up to 500mg i.e. the optimal dose for her unique needs. It’s very individualized with no-one-size fits all i.e. someone else may get similar benefits with 125mg.

You can read the entire blog post here: GABA and theanine for sedation, anxiety, and cognition in preoperative surgical patients (a randomized controlled study).

Why you are told to stop all supplements prior to surgery

My understanding is that being told to stop all supplements prior to surgery is because of potential concerns about effects on bleeding, anesthesia and blood pressure. Unfortunately, the study didn’t address this possible issue. This article has some information on supplements (and some meds) to stop before surgery/anesthesia stating:

you may need to take a break from some supplements and medications that can interfere with anesthesia. Surgical complications could include heart or bleeding problems, prolonged anesthesia effects, or increased blood pressure.

GABA lowers blood pressure which may be helpful right after surgery

High blood pressure is common after surgery and can have far-reaching implications. According to this paper, “Postoperative hypertension often begins ~10–20 minutes after surgery and may last up to 4 hours. If left untreated, patients are at increased risk for bleeding, cerebrovascular events, and myocardial infarctions.”

This is another reason GABA may actually be helpful to use right up to surgery and right afterwards – it lowers blood pressure.

This paper, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Safety Review of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), published in 2021, reports the results of a 4-week study that investigated the tolerability of GABA supplementation in mildly hypertensive but otherwise healthy adults:

The authors first established an optimum dose in mildly hypertensive subjects (SBP/systolic blood pressure between 130 and 180 mm Hg) who were randomized to receive oral doses of GABA at 0 (placebo), 20, 40, or 80 mg/day for 4 weeks.

An intake of 80 mg/day of GABA was associated with a significant reduction of the BP in adults with mild hypertension, and no adverse effects were reported.

A subsequent study evaluated long-term effects of GABA at 80 mg daily versus placebo in mildly hypertensive subjects for 8 weeks:

At the end of the 8-week study, SBP [systolic blood pressure i.e. the top number] and DBP [diastolic blood pressure i.e. the bottom number] were on average 5% lower in all the subjects who received 80 mg/day of GABA compared to participants in the placebo group whose blood pressure levels remained above normal.

This is a substantial reduction when 80 mg of GABA a day is considered a very low dose. I typically have my anxious clients start with 125mg GABA and increase from there. They may end up using 125 mg GABA 3 or 4 times a day and sometimes 250 mg a few times a day or 500 mg once a day like LM is doing.

Additional resources when you are new to using GABA and other amino acids as supplements

As always, I use the symptoms questionnaire to figure out if low GABA may be an issue. The low GABA symptoms include: physical tension, overwhelm, fears, anxiousness, stiff and tense muscles, sleep issues, feelings of panic and stress-eating and drinking.

Wrapping up and your feedback

I appreciate LM for sharing how GABA helps her and her post surgery experience with anxiety and using GABA. It is wonderful that she was able to take her GABA supplement for the anxiety attack after her surgery. Let’s hope this research increases awareness amongst surgeons.

I’d love to hear from you – have you been told to stop all supplements before surgery, including GABA and other amino acids.

And do you feel increasingly anxious before surgery and other medical procedures and would GABA help i.e. is GABA and/or theanine part of your calming repertoire on a day-to-fay basis?

Have you ever discussed either of these two amino acids – GABA or theanine – with your surgeon or anesthetist prior to surgery and were they open to you using them before and right after surgery?

If you’re a practitioner do you recommend GABA and theanine to your anxious clients/patients and as a surgeon or anesthetist would you consider these amino acids in the future, based on this research?

Feel free to share your experiences and ask your questions below.

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in Stress and Depressive Disorders through the Gut–Brain Axis

January 31, 2025 By Trudy Scott 4 Comments

Research conducted on individuals with depression reveals that major depressive disorders (MDDs) coincide with diminished levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, as well as modifications in the subunit composition of the primary receptors (GABA_A receptors) responsible for mediating GABAergic inhibition.

Furthermore, there is substantial evidence supporting the significant role of GABA in regulating stress within the brain, which is a pivotal vulnerability factor in mood disorders. GABA is readily available and approved as a food supplement in many countries.

Although there is substantial evidence indicating that orally ingested GABA may affect GABA receptors in peripheral tissues, there is comparatively less evidence supporting its direct action within the brain.

Emerging evidence highlights that oral GABA intake may exert beneficial effects on the brain and psyche through the gut–brain axis. While GABA enjoys wide consumer acceptance in Eastern Asian markets, with many consumers reporting favorable effects on stress regulation, mood, and sleep, rigorous independent research is still largely lacking.

Basic research, coupled with initial clinical findings, makes GABA an intriguing neuro-nutritional compound deserving of clinical studies in individuals with depression and other psychological problems.

This is the abstract from a recently published review paper: Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid in Stress and Depressive Disorders through the Gut–Brain Axis

Does GABA exert calming and mood benefits via the gut-brain axis or is it really just a placebo effect? This paper discusses both possibilities. I’m excited by the former (and share more about this below) but I do not agree with the latter. Based on my clinical and personal experience, the calming effects of the amino acid GABA, used as a supplement (when you have low GABA symptoms/levels and used in a very specific way), is not a placebo effect. I also discuss this and share some cases that clearly confirm there is no placebo effect. Read on to be enlightened and encouraged about the power of GABA.

GABA and the microbiota-gut-brain axis

The authors describe the microbiome-gut-brain axis as “the bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract, including its resident microbiota and the brain, linking emotional and cognitive centers of the brain with peripheral intestinal functions.”

They acknowledge that while we don’t quite understand the exact mechanisms of this bidirectional communication, “the vagus nerve, the endocrine and immune system, and the synthesis and metabolism of metabolites and neurotransmitters in the gut are critically involved.” This is exciting given what we know about the blood brain barrier.

If you are new to this concept of the gut-brain axis or want to read some of the latest updates, I encourage you to read the paper and learn about the benefits of probiotics (such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Leuconostoc) and prebiotics i.e. psychobiotics; and fermented foods – for mood improvement and stress reduction.

You’ll read this about GABA (both as a metabolite produced by the microbiome and as a supplement):

found in the enteric nervous system it contributes significantly to gut-brain axis functions and related disorders, including depression, anxiety, inflammatory, and cardiovascular disorders (they refer to GABA as a crucial ‘postbiotic’ i.e. a metabolite produced by the microbiome)
while GABA may not directly cross the blood-brain barrier in humans, an indirect influence through the enteric nervous system could potentially provide a viable pathway for the impact of GABA dietary supplements
although the connection between oral GABA administration i.e. GABA supplementation, the vagal nerve, and GABA levels in the brain has not been firmly established, considering the existing evidence, it represents a promising avenue for future research.

The last two bullets are worth emphasizing because one of the most common myths is that “GABA supplements don’t work because GABA is too big a molecule to get across the blood brain barrier.” It really doesn’t need to get through the blood brain barrier in order to be calming.

I share more about this in a blog I published in 2023 – you can read it here.

GABA is a lifesaver and helps with mycotoxin-induced anxiety

Joie has Sjogren’s, Hashimoto’s, fibromyalgia & collagenous colitis (all diagnosed after severe mold exposure) and shares how GABA

has been a life saver for me (for my anxiety), and I share this with all I know who experience anxiety. I also use L-theanine at night because of insomnia. The 5-HTP has helped somewhat for sleep. L-tryptophan didn’t seem to make a difference. However the 5-HTP has made a significant difference in lessening my daily pain levels, which I am most grateful for.

Micki Contini, MS CNC, a board-certified holistic health and nutrition consultant, is a friend and colleague whose life was hugely impacted by mold toxicity. She shares this about how GABA helped her:

As they started tearing my house apart for remediation, I started eating GABA Calm like candy. At the beginning I had to have a lot more than I do now. GABA Calm takes me down a notch and I feel my shoulder coming away from my ears and I get closer to relaxing.

Here are a few other blogs that illustrate just how calming GABA can be when used as a supplement:

If GABA works it’s a placebo effect?!

I find this statement in the conclusion of the review to be confusing given all that the authors share about the gut-brain axis, vagus nerve and bidirectional communication:

The dietary supplement form of GABA is readily accessible to consumers. While many individuals assert that they derive advantages from using these products, it remains uncertain whether these supplements provide benefits beyond what could be attributed to a placebo effect.

Their argument about conflict of interest and small sample sizes when it comes to studies doesn’t hold water with me.

As I mentioned above, based on my clinical experience, the calming effects of the amino acid GABA, used as a supplement when you have low GABA levels (and used in a very specific way), is not a placebo effect.

The following two cases clearly confirm there is no placebo effect (and these are just a few of many which I plan to share with the authors).

My 6 year old was having panic attacks getting out of the car for Kindergarten

My 6 year old son was having panic attacks getting out of the car going to Kindergarten and taking two GABA Calm has completely relieved him of his fears. He has been going for 3 straight weeks in a row.

I thought it may be low serotonin since this happened last winter as well but I gave him 5-HTP for a couple months and it didn’t seem to affect him and his anxiety. We had to have him repeat Kinder this year.

But wow, the GABA has been fabulous and Kindergarten is in full swing because of your help.

Lisa, a mom in the community, shared these wonderful results about her son. This is most definitely not a placebo effect.

You can read the entire story on the blog here. The school is actually in shock at how well carpooling is going for him.

GABA lessens anxiety, agitation and defiance in 98 year old mother who has been “sundowning” for a couple of years

My mother is 98 and has been “sundowning” for a couple of years. It starts around 3pm, sometimes earlier. Some days it’s no big deal. It is on those other days when she starts and then it goes to anxiety, agitation, then she can get sort of defiant which is so not her. She is a gentle soul, friendly, and kind so this is difficult on her as well as our family.

I just started to use my pestle and mortar to crush up a 125 mg GABA CALM supplement (Source Naturals) and I mix a little into her flavored yogurt when I start to see her having difficulty. I give it to her throughout the day. She only gets the 125 mg amount so I feel safe with that.

I believe that I do notice it lessens her anxiety. I pray that this will be helpful for her because that anxiety can be really draining for her. I have not noticed any adverse reactions.

This is another heartwarming success story shared by Marsha who used GABA Calm with her mother. It’s yet another one that is not a placebo effect either. You can read the entire blog post here.

My personal GABA results are also not a placebo effect

I can also share from first-hand experience that GABA was a life-saver for me in my late 30s when I had no idea what a panic attack was and knew very little about GABA other than the fact it calmed me down very quickly!

I still use GABA in various situations to this day: to help with back spasms after a fall, to help with rectal spasms, to help with throat spasms/pain caused by crying (after the loss of my darling mom), to help me sleep solidly and before doing an on-stage presentation, and much more.

GABA is effective and safe when used in a very specific way

Many people use GABA and report it didn’t work or that they had a strange or uncomfortable reaction to their GABA supplement (such as tingles or flush or feeling dizzy). I’m on a mission to educate folks how GABA is effective and safe when used in a very specific way:

Only if you have low GABA levels and symptoms of physical tension, overwhelm, fears, anxiousness, stiff and tense muscles, stress eating, drinking to calm down or fit in socially (you can see all the symptoms here)
Starting with a low dose of around 125mg (and less if you’re sensitive)
Only using it as a sublingual, powder or capsule opened on to the tongue, liposomal or GABA cream (to see results in 1-10 mins and to bypass the digestive system)
Titrating up (and sometimes back down) to find the ideal dose for your unique needs
Being open to trialing different products and forms and sometimes combining GABA with theanine
Understanding that there can be nuances to using GABA, making one change at a time and not giving up too soon
Tracking carefully and course-correcting as needed

I educate anxious individuals about all of the above and offer guidance and encouragement in the GABA Quickstart 2.0 online group 5 week program.

I hope this summary, the review paper and the cases leave you feeling enlightened and encouraged about the power of calming GABA.

Additional resources when you are new to using GABA and other amino acids as supplements

As always, I use the symptoms questionnaire to figure out if low GABA or other neurotransmitter imbalances may be an issue.

Wrapping up and your feedback

Have you experienced the benefits of GABA for stress and/or low mood? Do you believe it’s more than a placebo effect?

And are you excited to understand the possible mechanisms and read the research? Or do you just want to know how GABA could help you and how to use it?

Have you tried GABA without success or only had limited success? Feel free to share and I’ll provide my feedback.

Feel free to ask your questions below.

Understanding the function of the GABAergic system and its potential role in rheumatoid arthritis (for pain, anxiety, sleep issues and more)

January 3, 2025 By Trudy Scott 2 Comments

This is a great question posed by a woman in my GABA/anxiety online group program:

Can GABA be good for rheumatoid arthritis, and in its early stages? If so, in what ways would someone see signs of improvement with GABA?

When I looked into some of the recent research on GABA and rheumatoid arthritis I was fascinated. A 2023 review paper, Understanding the function of the GABAergic system and its potential role in rheumatoid arthritis, discusses the relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune condition, and GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid), a calming neurotransmitter.

The authors discuss “a new mechanism of action in RA” and the fact that “bidirectional communication occurs between the brain and immune system…and neuroinflammatory responses in the brain.”

The paper discusses GABA and neurosignalling, immunomodulatory effects and inflammation, stating that the:

GABAergic system may modulate the abnormal pain response in RA patients.

So to answer her question, if she has low GABA levels we would expect to see some reduction in her RA pain.

As always, we look for the signs and symptoms of low GABA regardless of the diagnosis or possible diagnosis. So if someone has low GABA symptoms of physical tension, overwhelm, fears, anxiousness, stiff and tense muscles, focus issues, pain, stress eating or drinking to calm down, and poor sleep, we consider a trial of the amino acid GABA, and could expect improvements in all or some of the above symptoms.

I would also recommend that she tracks markers of inflammation (like hs CRP, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) and RA markers to see if they shift in a positive direction with her use of GABA too.

I share more below about the incidence of anxiety and sleep issues in rheumatoid arthritis and some of the mechanisms covered in the review paper. Also, there are lab tests to track and there are other nutritional approaches for supporting an autoimmune condition such as RA.

Some of the mechanisms covered in the review paper

This image from the paper and the explanation provides some insights on the mechanisms at play.

Glutamate interacts with glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65 and GAD67) to produce gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Binding of GABA to GABA-A receptors inhibits macrophage activation and decreases the release of inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Antigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells, however, is impaired, inhibiting CD4⁺ T cell proliferation and differentiation and reducing the expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α.
Pain signaling activates the P38/MAPK pathway, whereas GABA binding to GABA-A receptors inhibits P38/MAPK. The P38/MAPK signaling pathway contributes to inflammation and is involved in the activation of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTFA), myocardin-related transcription factor B (MRTFB), and serum response factor (SRF) that played key roles in fibroblast activation.

gaba and rheumatoid arthritis — Figure 1. Understanding the function of the GABAergic system and its potential role in rheumatoid arthritis

The authors don’t mention the use of the amino acid GABA as a supplement for RA but do list a number of clinical trials (mostly diabetes patients) where GABA has been used with success. It’s a start and I look forward to future research in this area.

Anxiety, depression, insomnia, cognitive issues and stress-eating in RA

This paper, Psychiatric aspects of rheumatoid arthritis: Review of literature, reports that

Among the major psychiatric disorders found in RA, the anxiety and depressive disorders are prevalent (13 to 48% of patients), as well as suicide, insomnia and tiredness. The impairment of quality of life is markedly after age 65.

This paper, A 30-Day Adjunct Wellness Intervention for the Management of Extra-Articular Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Formative Study, also mentions “cognitive and physical dysfunction” and “stress-related eating” in addition to anxiety, depression and insomnia in RA patients.

Doing a trial of GABA (and other amino acids such as tryptophan and d-phenylalanine/ DPA), will confirm which symptoms are related to which neurotransmitter deficiencies. It’s exciting to consider a very possible role of GABA and other amino acids given the fact that “individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) continually fall short of treatment targets using standard drug therapies alone”

Looking further than GABA and other amino acids: a gluten-free diet and other root causes

With RA we obviously want to address more than just GABA (and other amino acids). Gluten removal is recommended but I do want to mention that the research is surprisingly mixed. This paper, Efficacy of gluten-free diet in patients with rheumatoid arthritis states that

Gluten seems to be a glycoprotein with a clinically relevant inflammatory effect. Several observational studies and anecdotal cases reported a correlation between gluten and various diseases, including autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. This study aimed to evaluate whether gluten-free diet could be effective in controlling inflammation and ongoing rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.

We report 4 cases of patients with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis with no response to several conventional and biotechnological drugs, treated with a gluten-free diet concurrently with the drug therapy. Our patients presented different degrees of response to the diet, in terms of disease remission and improvement of symptoms. Our cases confirm that a gluten-free diet may improve symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, even in patients resistant to conventional drug therapies.

Many other papers dismiss the role of gluten and inflammatory diets. This one is an example of a number of similar papers.

The benefits of addressing neurotransmitter imbalances with GABA and other amino acids means the addiction is stopped and quitting bread and cookies now no longer requires willpower,

Here are some autoimmune recipe resources:

In addition to dietary changes, a full functional medicine approach is warranted as there is much research supporting the benefits of the following for RA: omega-3 fatty acids, olive oil, low vitamin B6, addressing heavy metals such as mercury and much much more.

I cover 60+ root causes of anxiety here – I’d be carefully assessing each of these root causes for RA too.

Additional resources when you are new to using GABA and other amino acids as supplements

As always, I use the symptoms questionnaire to figure out if low serotonin or low GABA or other neurotransmitter imbalances may be an issue.

Wrapping up and your feedback

Do you have rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or another autoimmune condition and has GABA helped?

Were you aware of these possible connections?

What about dietary and nutritional approaches?

Feel free to share your feedback and ask your questions below.